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  • 1
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    Selective transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 variants from mothers to infants (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-28
    Description: Multiple human immunodeficiency virus type-1 sequences from the V3 and V4-V5 regions of the envelope gene were analyzed from three mother-infant pairs. The infants' viral sequences were less diverse than those of their mothers. In two pairs, a proviral form infrequently found in the mother predominated in her infant. A conserved N-linked glycosylation site within the V3 region, present in each mother's sequence set, was absent in all of the infants' sequence sets. These findings demonstrate that a minor subset of maternal virus is transmitted to the infant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolinsky, S M -- Wike, C M -- Korber, B T -- Hutto, C -- Parks, W P -- Rosenblum, L L -- Kunstman, K J -- Furtado, M R -- Munoz, J L -- AI-32535/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD26619-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01-25569/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 28;255(5048):1134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/congenital/microbiology/*transmission ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Female ; Genotype ; Glycosylation ; HIV Antigens/genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics/immunology ; HIV-1/*genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Impact of mass treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin on the transmission of infection (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-05
    Description: Onchocerciasis is a major blinding disease that, until recently, has been essentially untreatable. Ivermectin is a safe and effective drug for the mass treatment of onchocerciasis and when used on an individual basis, it reduces the ability of the treated person to transmit Onchocerca volvulus infection. In the present study, the effect of community-based ivermectin treatment on the degree of transmission within the community was assessed by determining the incidence of new infection in children. Ivermectin was distributed annually on three occasions to the eligible members of a population of approximately 14,000 people living on a rubber plantation in a forest area endemic for onchocerciasis. After 2 years, the prevalence of infection in 5-year-old children decreased by 21%. The annual incidence in an uninfected cohort of children decreased by 35% and, after age-specific adjustment, the reduction in incidence in 7- to 12-year-old children was 45%. Thus, community-based distribution of ivermectin led to a significant reduction in incidence of new infection. These findings suggest that ivermectin can be important in reducing the transmission of onchocerciasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, H R -- Pacque, M -- Munoz, B -- Greene, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 5;250(4977):116-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Ophthalmologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ivermectin/*therapeutic use ; Liberia ; Onchocerciasis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Prevalence ; Skin/parasitology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Formation of ion-permeable channels by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-13
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF, cachectin), a protein secreted by activated macrophages, participates in inflammatory responses and in infectious and neoplastic disease states. The mechanisms by which TNF exerts cytotoxic, hormonal, and other specific effects are obscure. Structural studies of the TNF trimer have revealed a central pore-like region. Although several amino acid side chains appear to preclude an open channel, the ability of TNF to insert into lipid vesicles raised the possibility that opening might occur in a bilayer milieu. Acidification of TNF promoted conformational changes concordant with increased surface hydrophobicity and membrane insertion. Furthermore, TNF formed pH-dependent, voltage-dependent, ion-permeable channels in planar lipid bilayer membranes and increased the sodium permeability of human U937 histiocytic lymphoma cells. Thus, some of the physiological effects of TNF may be elicited through its intrinsic ion channel-forming activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kagan, B L -- Baldwin, R L -- Munoz, D -- Wisnieski, B J -- 2 T32 HL07386/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- GM22240/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH43433/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 13;255(5050):1427-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1371890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects ; Electrochemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Channels/*drug effects ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sodium Channels/drug effects ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Time Course of the Response of Myofibrillar and Sarcoplasmic Protein Metabolism to Unweighting of the Soleus Muscle (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Contributions of altered in vivo protein synthesis and degradation to unweighting atrophy of the soleus muscle in tail-suspended young female rats were analyzed daily for up to 6 days. Specific changes in myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins were also evaluated to assess their contributions to the loss of total protein. Synthesis of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins was estimated by intramuscular (IM) injection and total protein by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of flooding doses of H-3-phenylaianine. Total protein loss was greatest during the first 3 days following suspension and was a consequence of the loss of myofibrillar rather than sarcoplasmic proteins. However, synthesis of total myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins diminished in parallel beginning in the first 24 hours. Therefore sarcoplasmic proteins must be spared due to a decrease in their degradation. In contrast, myofibrillar protein degradation increased, thus explaining the elevated degradation of the total pool. Following 72 hours of suspension, protein synthesis remained low, but the rate of myofibrillar protein loss diminished, suggesting a slowing of degradation. These various results show acute loss of protein during unweighting atrophy is a consequence of decreased synthesis and increased degradation of myofibrillar proteins, and sarcoplasmic proteins are spared due to slower degradation, likely explaining the sparing of plasma membrane receptors. Based on other published data, we propose that the slowing of atrophy after the initial response may be attributed to an increased effect of insulin.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: NASA/CR-1993-205166 , NAS 1.26:205166 , Metabolism (ISSN 0026-0495); 42; 8; 1006-1012
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    A model of solar energetic particles for use in calculating LET spectra developed from ONR-604 data (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A model of solar energetic particles (SEP) has been developed and is applied to solar flares during the 1990/1991 CRRES mission using data measured by the University of Chicago instrument, ONR-604. The model includes the time-dependent behavior, heavy-ion content, energy spectrum and fluence, and can accurately represent the observed SEP events in the energy range between 40 to 500 MeV/nucleon. Results are presented for the March and June, 1991 flare periods.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR); 14; 10; 675-80
    Format: text
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