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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: The formation of the neuromuscular synapse requires muscle-specific receptor kinase (MuSK) to orchestrate postsynaptic differentiation, including the clustering of receptors for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Upon innervation, neural agrin activates MuSK to establish the postsynaptic apparatus, although agrin-independent formation of neuromuscular synapses can also occur experimentally in the absence of neurotransmission. Dok-7, a MuSK-interacting cytoplasmic protein, is essential for MuSK activation in cultured myotubes; in particular, the Dok-7 phosphotyrosine-binding domain and its target in MuSK are indispensable. Mice lacking Dok-7 formed neither acetylcholine receptor clusters nor neuromuscular synapses. Thus, Dok-7 is essential for neuromuscular synaptogenesis through its interaction with MuSK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okada, Kumiko -- Inoue, Akane -- Okada, Momoko -- Murata, Yoji -- Kakuta, Shigeru -- Jigami, Takafumi -- Kubo, Sachiko -- Shiraishi, Hirokazu -- Eguchi, Katsumi -- Motomura, Masakatsu -- Akiyama, Tetsu -- Iwakura, Yoichiro -- Higuchi, Osamu -- Yamanashi, Yuji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1802-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agrin/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Endplate/embryology/metabolism ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology/metabolism ; Muscle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/embryology/*innervation/metabolism ; Mutation ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor Aggregation ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cholinergic/genetics/*metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: alpha-klotho was identified as a gene associated with premature aging-like phenotypes characterized by short lifespan. In mice, we found the molecular association of alpha-Klotho (alpha-Kl) and Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) and provide evidence for an increase of abundance of Na+,K+-ATPase at the plasma membrane. Low concentrations of extracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]e) rapidly induce regulated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in an alpha-Kl- and Na+,K+-ATPase-dependent manner. The increased Na+ gradient created by Na+,K+-ATPase activity might drive the transepithelial transport of Ca2+ in cooperation with ion channels and transporters in the choroid plexus and the kidney. Our findings reveal fundamental roles of alpha-Kl in the regulation of calcium metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imura, Akihiro -- Tsuji, Yoshihito -- Murata, Miyahiko -- Maeda, Ryota -- Kubota, Koji -- Iwano, Akiko -- Obuse, Chikashi -- Togashi, Kazuya -- Tominaga, Makoto -- Kita, Naoko -- Tomiyama, Ken-ichi -- Iijima, Junko -- Nabeshima, Yoko -- Fujioka, Makio -- Asato, Ryo -- Tanaka, Shinzo -- Kojima, Ken -- Ito, Juichi -- Nozaki, Kazuhiko -- Hashimoto, Nobuo -- Ito, Tetsufumi -- Nishio, Takeshi -- Uchiyama, Takashi -- Fujimori, Toshihiko -- Nabeshima, Yo-ichi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1615-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/enzymology/metabolism ; Choroid Plexus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/enzymology/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Feedback, Physiological ; Glucuronidase/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Ion Transport ; Kidney/enzymology/metabolism ; Mice ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Parathyroid Glands/enzymology/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/secretion ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Proteasomes are responsible for generating peptides presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules of the immune system. Here, we report the identification of a previously unrecognized catalytic subunit called beta5t. beta5t is expressed exclusively in cortical thymic epithelial cells, which are responsible for the positive selection of developing thymocytes. Although the chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasomes is considered to be important for the production of peptides with high affinities for MHC class I clefts, incorporation of beta5t into proteasomes in place of beta5 or beta5i selectively reduces this activity. We also found that beta5t-deficient mice displayed defective development of CD8(+) T cells in the thymus. Our results suggest a key role for beta5t in generating the MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cell repertoire during thymic selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murata, Shigeo -- Sasaki, Katsuhiro -- Kishimoto, Toshihiko -- Niwa, Shin-Ichiro -- Hayashi, Hidemi -- Takahama, Yousuke -- Tanaka, Keiji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1349-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Frontier Science, Core Technology and Research Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan. smurata@rinshoken.or.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autoantigens/immunology/metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Catalytic Domain ; Epithelial Cells/enzymology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphopoiesis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/immunology ; Thymus Gland/*cytology/*enzymology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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