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  • Articles  (51)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (30)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (21)
  • Genetics  (5)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (51)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 2815-2824 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Stereoelectronic Requirements of 1,2-Rearrangements of Vinyl CationsThe triflates 8, 9, 12, 17, 19, and 23 have been synthesized to investigate their solvolysis products in absol. 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) (Table 1). The kinetics of the solvolysis in 50% ethanol have been measured as well. The rate constants give a straight correlation line when we apply an approximate Taft's equation, from which we deduce that the solvolyses take place by a kc mechanism; one exception is 12, as it reacts with S-O bond cleavage. We also deduce that the value of ρ* does not depend on steric factors. Relations between structure and rearrangement of vinyl cations are discussed. Mechanisms for the formation of reaction products are proposed.
    Notes: Die Triflate 8, 9, 12, 17, 19 und 23 wurden synthetisiert, um die Produkte ihrer Solvolyse in absol. 2,2,2-Trifluorethanol (TFE) zu untersuchen (Tab. 1). Auch die Kinetik der Solvolysen in 50proz. Ethanol wurde bestimmt (Tab. 2). Die Solvolysegeschwindigkeiten ergeben eine Korrelationsgerade bei einer vereinfachten Taftschen Darstellung, woraus abgeleitet wird, daß die Solvolysen nach einem kc-Mechanismus erfolgen; eine Ausnahme ist 12, das durch S-O-Spaltung solvolysiert. Wir schließen daraus, daß ρ* von sterischen Effekten unabhängig ist. Es werden Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und Umlagerung bei Vinylkationen diskutiert und Mechanismen für die Bildung der Reaktionsprodukte vorgeschlagen.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1255-1256 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reductive Arylation of Vinyl Trifluromethanesulfonates by Friedel-Crafts ReactionThe reaction of vinyl triflates 1 with benzene and toluene in the presence of aluminium trichloride gives alkyl-, alkenyl-, and 1,1-diarylalkanes 5, 6, 3, 9 depending on the structure of the substrate used. A mechanism for the reductive arylation is proposed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 161 (1994), S. 129-141 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: NIH-3T3 cells transfected with yeast H+-ATPases (RN1A cells) are tumorigenic (Perona and Serrano, 1988, Nature, 334: 438). We have previously shown that RN1a cells maintain a chronically high intracellular pH (pHin) under physiological conditions. We have alsoshown that RN1a cells are serum-independent for growth, maintain a higher intracellular Ca2+(in), and glycolyze more rapidly than their non-transformed counterparts (Gillies et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1990, 87: 7414; Gillies et al., Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 1992, 2: 159). The present study was aimed to understand the interrelationships between glycolysis, pHin, and [Ca2+]in in RN1a cells and their non-transformed counterparts, NIH-3T3 cells. Our data show that the higher rate of glycolysis observed in RN1a cell is due to the presence of low affinity glucose transporters. Consequently, the higher rate of glycolysis is exacerbated at high glucose concentration in RN1a cells. Moreover, the maximal velocity (Vmax) for glucose utilization is up to sixfold higher in RN1a cells than in the NIH-3T3 cells, suggesting that the number of glucose transporters is higher in RN1a than NIH-3T3 cells. Glucose addition to NIH-3T3 cells results in modest decreases in both pHin and [Ca2+]in. In contrast, RN1a cells respond to glucose with a large decrease in pHin, followed by a large decrease in [Ca2+]in. The decrease in [Ca2+]in observed upon glucose addition is likely due to activation of Ca2+-ATPase by glycolysis, since the Ca2+ decrease is abolished by the Ca2+ ATPase inhibitors thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid. Glucose addition to ATP-depleted cells results in a decrease in [Ca2+]in, suggesting that ATP furnished by glycolysis is utilized by this pump. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of intracellular pH (pHin) in the regulation of cell growth in both normal and transformed cells is a topic of considerable controversy. In an effort to study this relationship NIH 3T3 cells were stably transfected with the gene for the yeast H+-ATPase, constitutively elevating their pHin. The resulting cell line, RN1a, has a transformed phenotype: The cells are serum independent for growth, clone in soft agar, and form tumors in nude mice. In the present study, we further characterize this system in order to understand how transfection with this proton pump leads to serum-independent growth, using defined media to investigate the effects of specific growth factors on the transfected and parental NIH 3T3 cells. While both cell lines show similar growth increases in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and epidermal growth factor (EGF), they respond differently to insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and PDGF-AA. RN1a cells exhibit increased growth at nanomolar concentrations of insulin but the parental cells had only a relatively minor response to insulin at 10 μM. Both cell lines showed some response to IGF-I in the nanomolar range but the response of RN1a cells was much larger. Differences in insulin and IGF-I receptor number alone could not explain these results. The two cell lines also respond differently to PDGF-AA. RN1a cells are relatively insensitive to stimulation by PDGF-AA and express fewer PDGF α receptors as shown by Northern blots and receptor-binding studies. We propose a unifying hypothesis in which the H+-ATPase activates a downstream element in the PDGF-AA signal transduction pathway that complements insulin and IGF-I signals, while leading to downregulation of the PDGF α receptor. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Verfahren zur Synthese von 3.4-Dihydro-isochinolin-Derivaten durch Ringschluß der aus β-Halogenalkyl-benzol und elektrophilen Metallhalogenid-Nitril-Komplexen erhaltenen Nitriliumsalze wird jetzt zur Darstellung des 3.4-Dihydro-papaverins und verwandter Verbindungen angewandt. Zu diesem Zweck werden verschiedenen alkoxysubstituierte β-Halogenalkyl-benzole eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit der früheren Interpretation überein.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 982-989 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Selectivity of the Reaction of Carbocations with NucleophilesThe problem of the selectivity of the nucleophilic attack on carbocations according to the HSAB-principle is discussed in relation to the solvolysis in ether of 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-norbornane (2) and 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornene (4) in presence of dimethyl-magnesium, magnesium iodide and methylmagnesium iodide. The nucleophiles and carbocations are arranged according to the hard-soft-scale, so our results can be explained.
    Notes: Das Problem der Selektivität beim nucleophilen Angriff an Carbokationen wird im Rahmen des HSAB-Prinzips am Beispiel der Solvolysen in Ether von 7,7-Bis(trifluormethylsulfonyloxy)norbornan (2) und 7,7-Bis(trifluormethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornen (4) in Anwesenheit von Dimethylmagnesium, Magnesiumiodid und Methylmagnesiumiodid erörtert. Die Nucleophile und die als Zwischenstufen auftretenden Carbokationen werden auf der Hart-weich-Skala eingeordnet, wobei die Ergebnisse erklärt werden können.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Azolylborane adducts ; Boron-imidazole adducts ; Boron-pyridine adducts ; Protic-hydric interactions ; Protic-fluoride interactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation, NMR and X-ray diffraction studies of a series of azolylboron hydrides derived from pyrrole, indole, and carbazole coordinated with tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, and imidazole are reported. The azolyl substituents are very electroattractive leading to an acidic boron atom which strongly coordinates with the Lewis bases. The stabilization of the =BH2=groups against disproportionation could be explained in terms of the interactions found between the acidic hydrogen atoms of the heterocycles (C=Hδ+ acceptor) and the hydrides (B=Hδ- donors).
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 3518-3520 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unusual Reactivity of Strained Bridgehead DerivativesThe solvolysis of 7,7-dimethyl-1, exo-2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)norbornane (5) in Et2O/I2Mg and 80% MeOH proceeds with formation of substituted 2-norbornyl cations, yielding 1, exo-2-diiodo-7,7-dimethylnorbornane (9) and camphenilone (13), respectively. When the vic-diiodide 9 is treated with LiAlH4/C6H6 partial epimerization to 1,endo-2-diiodo-7,7-dimethylnorbornane (12) is observed without reduction; this result is probably due to steric hindrance of the reactants.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 4281-4284 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Structure and Stereoselectivity of 2-Norbornen-7-yl Radicals and CarbenoidsReduction of 7,7-diiodonorbornene (1) with Grignard reagents proceeds via the 7-iodo-2-norbornen-7-yl radical 2. From the observed syn-stereoselectivity, the absence of π-delocalization in 2 is inferred. This result agrees with the existence of an equilibrium mixture of two classical pyramidal structures (2a and 2b), in which the syn-isomer 2a predominates. The reaction of 1 with methyllithium takes place with anti-stereoselectivity; this fact proves that the anti-carbenoid 4b-M is more stable than the syn-isomer.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 2557-2560 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Selectivity in the Reaction of Carbocations with Nucleophiles, 2. Solvolytic Mechanisms of 7-Norbornyl TrifluoromethanesulfonatesThe reactions of 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)norbornane (4) with several metal cyanides in dipolar aprotic solvents are studied. The results obtained (Table 1) lead to the conclusion that the solvolysis of 7-substituted 7-norbornyl trifluoromethanesulfonates takes place either according to a kc mechanism or with fission of the S — O bond. In no instance is a C — O fission following an SN2 mechanism to be expected. - The selectivity of the reaction of the intermediate carbocations with nucleophiles cannot be explained by means of N+ correlations nor by the reactivity-selectivity relationship, but can be rationalized according to the HSAB principle.
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