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  • 1
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In order to evaluate the performance of the indices of toxicity which have been developed, thermal decomposition products of three polymers, polyvinylchloride, polychloroprene, and polycarbonate were tested for sensory irritation, physiological stress induction, and acute lethality. Each polymer has been contrasted with the same polymer containing 5% zinc ferrocyanide. The most irritating and the most stressful pyrolysis products were those from polyvinylchloride. The least irritation and stress were associated with polycarbonate decomposition products. The acute lethality for polychloroprene was higher than that of the other two polymers by a factor of 4. The addition of zinc ferrocyanide had a variable effect, depending on the polymer and the index of toxicity being evaluated. Sensory irritation was lessened by the presence of zinc ferrocyanide in polycarbonate. The sample weight required to cause death of 50% of the animals was reduced for the two hydrogen chloride-generating polymers, polyvinylchloride and polychloroprene. However, the acute lethality of polycarbonate did not change with addition of zinc ferrocyanide. By itself, zinc ferrocyanide decomposed very slowly during heating, caused almost no irritation or stress, and no deaths.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 8 (1984), S. 54-55 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A decrease in respiratory rate in mice during exposure to irritating airborne chemicals has been utilized as a response parameter to characterize the degree of upper respiratory tract irritation (sensory irritation) to the thermal decomposition products of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). The plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) was placed in a low mass vertical furnace and thermally decomposed in an air atmosphere at a programmed heating rate of 20°C min-1. The thermogravimetric study of the plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) demonstrated that two distinct weight loss fractions occurred during the decomposition process. Groups of four male swiss-webster mice were exposed to the thermal decomposition products of the first weight loss fraction in the range 0.03-0.77 mg l-1 and to the second weight loss fraction in the range 0.03-0.38 mg l-1. Dose-response curves were plotted by utilizing the maximum percent decrease in respiratory rate during each exposure as the response parameter. Comparison of these curves to a dose-response curve for hydrogen chloride showed that both the first and second weight loss fraction of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) were more potent than hydrogen chloride in terms of sensory irritation. From these dose-response relationships qualitative and quantitative predictions of human responses to the thermal decomposition products of plasticized.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 459-463 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: 1,2-Diboraheterocycles ; Carbon monoxide insertion ; Isonitrile insertion ; Dimerisation ; Spiro insertion products ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The insertion of CO into the B-B bond of 1,2-bis(diisopropylamino)-2,5-dihydro-1H-1,2-diborole (1b) and 1,2-bis(diisopropylamino)-3-methylidene-1,2-diborolane (1c) leads to the dimeric spiro products 1,7,9,14-tetrakis(diisopropylamino)-6,13-dioxa-1,7,9,14-tetraboradispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradeca-2,10-diene (4b) and 1,7,9,14-tetrakis(diisopropylamino)bismethylidene-6,13-dioxa-1,7,9,14-tetraboradispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane (4c). Insertions of CO into the B-B bonds of the cyclic organo-1,2-diborane compounds 5, 6, and 7 are not observed. The reaction of 1b with tert-butyl isocyanide and 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide in THF leads to the formation of the monomeric insertion products 1,3-bis(diisopropylamino)-2-tert-butylimino-1,3-diboracyclohex-4-ene (10b) and 1,3-bis-(diisopropylamino)-2-(2′,6′-dimethylphenylimino)-1,3-diboracyclohex-4-ene (11b). The treatment of 1cwith the isonitriles yields 2-tert-butylimino-1,3-bis(diisopropylamino)-4-methylidene-1,3-diboracyclohexane (10c) and 1,3-bis(diisopropylamino)-2-(2′,6′-dimethylphenylimino)-4-methylidene-1,3-diboracyclohexane (11c). The steric requirements of the isonitrile insertion products 10b, c and 11b, c prevent their dimerisation and rearrangement. 11b rearranges to 1-(diisopropylamino)-2-(diisopropylaminohydroxyboryl)-2-(2′,6′-dimethylphenylamino)-1-boracyclopent-3-ene (12b) upon reaction with water from sodium sulfate decahydrate. The compositions of the compounds are derived from the 1H-, 11B-, 13C-NMR data as well as from mass-spectral and C, H, N analyses. In the cases of of 4b and 12b they have been proven by X-ray structure analyses.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 469-476 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Cage compounds ; Crystal structure ; Hafnium ; Trimetaphosphimates ; Zirconium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The (trimetaphosphimato)hafnates and -zirconates Na4{Hf4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6[(PO2NH)3]4} · 18 H2O [1, Pa3, a = 22.687(3) Å, Z = 8], Na4{Hf4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6[(PO2NH)3]4} · 21 H2O [2, R3, a = 14.350(2), c = 50.348(10) Å, Z = 6], Na4{Zr4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6[(PO2NH)3]4} · 18 H2O [3, Pa3, a = 22.693(3) Å, Z = 8], and Na4{Zr4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6[(PO2NH)3]4} · 21 H2O [4, R3¯, a = 14.303(2), c = 50.284(10) Å, Z = 6] were obtained by the stoichiometric reaction of HfOCl2 · 8 H2O and ZrOCl2 · 8 H2O with an aqueous solution of Na3(PO2NH)3 · 4 H2O, followed by the diffusion-controlled addition of methanol. During these reactions compounds 1 and 2, or 3 and 4, crystallized simultaneously and the hafnium and zirconium complexes 1 and 3, as well as 2 and 4, were found to be isostructural and isomorphous. The characteristic structural feature which is central to 1, 2, 3, and 4 is the complex tetranuclear anion {M4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6[(PO2NH)3]4}4- with M = Zr or Hf. The anion consists of five corner-sharing adamantanoid cages. The central cage, {M4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6}8+, has a tetracoordinated oxygen atom in the middle, and the other cages are formed by the trimetaphosphimate ions acting as tridentate ligands which coordinate to Hf or Zr. The water content of the compounds 1-4 could not be determined unequivocally by chemical analyses since the compounds are always obtained as mixtures of the rhombohedral (2/4) and cubic (1/3) phases. Thermal decomposition of compounds 1-4 starts above 120°C and leads to the formation of HfP2O7 and ZrP2O7/NaZr2(PO4)3, with the evolution of H2O and NH3. DSC measurements gave no evidence that the compounds 1 and 2, or 3 and 4, might be transformed into each other by heating.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 2419-2441 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric techniques have been implemented to study aqueous colloidal suspensions. A four electrode cell was used in two configurations; the first, a sweep of frequencies using a sequence of standard single frequency null-balance measurements, and the second relying on the dielectric response to a Fourier synthesized pseudo random white noise (FSPN) with measurements performed using correlation techniques in the time domain. Single frequency measurements, which take on the order of 5-10 min per spectrum, were performed on polymer latex standards of varying size, latex concentration, and electrolyte concentration and were extended from 0.02 to over 500 kHz. It was found that the central relaxation frequency fc was inversely propotional to the square of the particle size, consistent with previous experimental results. Experiments were performed at different particle concentration and ionic strengths, and the magnitude and breadth of the dielectric dispersion was analyzed in terms of current theories. The distribution of relaxation times was found to be in general qualitative agreement with those predicted by some existing theories. The results indicate that a wide range of conditions exist in terms of latex concentration and ionic environment where the rapid and accurate measurement of polymer latex particle size and size distribution is feasible. FSPN measurements, which take on the order of seconds, were shown to be accurate over a moderate frequency range for model electrical network studies but were only partially successful for aqueous suspensions of latex because of high frequency limitations in the electronics. Experimental details and difficulties concerning the application of this technique are discussed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 1 (1947), S. 60-69 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Viskosefasern mit einem Polymerisationsgrad über 1000 haben nicht die gleichen günstigen Eigenschaften wie Baumwolle vom gleichen Polymerisationsgrad. Für die guten Eigenschaften der Baumwollfaser ist also nicht nur die Länge der Fadenmoleküle von Einfluß, sondern auch ihre besondere Lagerung in der gewachsenen Faser. Dies wird durch Vergleich von nativen und regenerierten Baumwollnitratfasern nachgewiesen. Der Unterschied in der Löslichkeit von nativen und regenerierten Celluloseacetaten wird ebenfalls mit der besonderen Anordnung der Fadenmoleküle in nativen Fasern in Zusammenhang gebracht.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 25 (1912), S. 2201-2203 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 42 (1929), S. 999-1001 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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