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  • 1
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    AASE-2 observations of trace carbon species distributions in the mid to upper troposphere (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We report tropospheric (altitudes greater than 5 km) observations of CO2, CO, CH4, and light hydrocarbons (C2-C4) over the latitude range from 90 deg N to 23 deg S recorded onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the winter 1992 Second Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE-2). Mixing ratios for these species exhibited significant north-south gradients with maximum values in subpolar and arctic regions and minima over the southern tropics. At latitudes greater than 40 deg N, the mixing ratios of most species increased significantly over the course of the 3-month measurement period. Also at high northern latitudes, the variations of all relatively long-lived reactive carbon species were linearly correlated with fluctuations of CO2 with CO, CH4, C2H6, C2H2, C3H8, and n-C4H10 exhibiting average enhancement ratios in terms of ppbv(X)/ppmb(CO2) of 13.8, 8.4, 0.21, 0.075, 0.085, and 0.037, respectively.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 22; p. 2539-2542
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Meridional distributions of NO(X), NO(Y), and other species in the lower statosphere and upper troposphere during AASE 2 (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The meridional distribution of NO(x) in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere is inferred form 10 flights of the NASA DC-8 in the northern winter of 1992 along with like distributions of NO(y), NO(x)/NO(y), CO, and C2Cl4. In the lowest few km of the stratosphere there is little vertical gradient in NO(x) over the range of latitiudes measured (40 deg-90 deg N). There is a substantial latitudinal gradient, with 50 pptv above the pole and 120 pptv near 40 deg N. In the uppermost few km of the troposphere, background values range from 30 pptv over the pole to 90 pptv near 40 deg N. On two occasions higher values, up to 140 pptv in the mean, were seen 2-3 km below the tropopause in association with frontal systems. The meridional distributions of CO and C2Cl4 show the same feature, suggesting that the source of the elevated NO(x) is near the earth's system.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 23; p. 2583-2586
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Methane concentrations and source strengths in urban locations (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The results of a six year measurement of trace gases in 18 different urban and remote areas throughout the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are reported. It is found that the measurements are consistent with a yearly atmospheric release of 30 to 60 megatons of CH4 in urban environments. Concentrations of CCl3F, CCl2F2, and CH3CCl3 were also found to be higher in the same urban samples than in corresponding samples from remote areas. The 'urban excess' (urban concentration minus remote concentration) was generally 1000 to 2000 times larger on a molar basis for CH4 than for CCl3F. The fraction of world-wide methane release occurring in the urban environment is estimated from the concentration ratios for CH4 vs CCl3F. It is shown that about 8 to 15 percent of atmospheric methane release occurs in urban areas.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 1211-121
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  • 4
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    Summertime tropospheric observations related to N(x)O(y) distributions and partitioning over Alaska - Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition 3A (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Measurements of NO, NO2, PAN and NO(y) are presented for the summertime middle/lower troposphere over northern high latitudes. Chemical signatures from concurrent measurements of O3, CO, C2H2, C2H6, C3H8, C2Cl4, and H2O are used to characterize factors affecting the budget and distribution of N(x)O(y) in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic tropospheric air masses sampled over Alaska during the NASA Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3A). The results implicate biomass burning in Siberia as the probable source of about one-third of the NO(y) abundance within the middle lower troposphere over Alaska and the downward transport of air from altitude in the vicinity of the tropopause as a major contributor to the abundance of NO(y) within the lower 6 km column over Alaska.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D15; p. 16,481-16,509.
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  • 5
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    Global atmospheric concentrations and source strength of ethane (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A study of the variation in ethane (C2H6) concentration between northern and southern latitudes over three years is presented together with a new estimate of its source strength. Ethane concentrations vary from 0.07 to 2 p.p.b.v. (parts per billion by volume) in air samples collected in remote surface locations in the Pacific (latitude 71 N-47 S) in all four seasons between September 1984 and June 1985. The variations are consistent with southerly transport from sources located chiefly in the Northern Hemisphere, further modified by seasonal variations in the strength of the reaction of C2H6 with OH radicals. These global data can be combined with concurrent data for CH4 and the laboratory reaction rates of each with OH to provide an estimate of three months as the average atmospheric lifetime for C2H6 and 13 + or - 3 Mtons for its annual atmospheric release.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 321; 231-233
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  • 6
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    Photosynthetic Control of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide during the Growing Season (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Climate models incorporate photosynthesis-climate feedbacks, yet we lack robust tools for large-scale assessments of these processes. Recent work suggests that carbonyl sulfide (COS), a trace gas consumed by plants, could provide a valuable constraint on photosynthesis. Here we analyze airborne observations of COS and carbon dioxide concentrations during the growing season over North America with a three-dimensional atmospheric transport model. We successfully modeled the persistent vertical drawdown of atmospheric COS using the quantitative relation between COS and photosynthesis that has been measured in plant chamber experiments. Furthermore, this drawdown is driven by plant uptake rather than other continental and oceanic fluxes in the model. These results provide quantitative evidence that COS gradients in the continental growing season may have broad use as a measurement-based photosynthesis tracer.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: LF99-8137 , Science; 322; 5904; 1085-1088
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