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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: International Journal of Multiphase Flow; 8; 4, 19; 1982
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The cancellation of the TDRS-B satellite as the payload for the eighth Space Shuttle mission provided a unique opportunity to demonstrate on-orbit operation of the high-capacity monogroove heat pipe used in the space constructible radiator subsystem. In less than 4 months, a flight experiment was conceived, designed, fabricated, tested, integrated with a payload carrier, installed in the Orbiter Challenger payload bay, and successfully operated in flight. Still color photographs and direct crew visual observation of color changes in a pattern of temperature-sensitive liquid-crystal tapes provided the temperature data necessary to verify successful on-orbit startup and orbital transient response of the heat pipe when subjected to a heat load from its attached electrical heaters. This successful on-orbit demonstration verified analytical design tools and provided confidence in the use of high-capacity heat pipes for future space applications. The flight experiment hardware and the integration and test activities that led to the flight are described, and the actual flight results are compared to analytical performance predictions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 84-1716
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Finite element methods for incompressible viscous flow in turbomachines have not been presented in the literature previously. This paper develops a penalty function primitive variable method including Coriolis and centrifugal force terms for steady flow in a rotating coordinate system. Simplex elements are used with the result of solution times comparable to equivalent finite different solutions. Example cases considered are Couette flow, Poiseuile flow, flow over a step and flow in a rotating channel. Both laminar and turbulent flows are discussed. The accuracy of computed solutions compares well with theoretical solutions and experimenal measurements.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ASME PAPER 84-GT-36
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The major goal of this project is to develop mathematical models of heat pipes which can be used to predict transient behavior under normal and adverse conditions. The models and solution techniques are to be formulated so that they can be incorporated into existing NASA structural design codes. The major parameters of interest are heat flux distribution, temperature distribution, working fluid pressure distribution, fluid and containment thermal and mechanical properties and geometry. Normal transient operation is taken to be operating conditions where the capillary structure remains fully wetted. Adverse transient operation occurs when drying, re-wetting, choking, non-continuum flow, thawing, freezing, etc., occur in the internal heat pipe working fluid.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-CR-173305 , NAS 1.26:173305
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: To date the computation of the total circulation, or strength of a vortex has required detailed measurements of the velocity field within the vortex. In this paper a method is described in which the kinematics of the vortical flow field is exploited to calculate the strength of a vortex from relatively simple flow visualization measurements. There are several advantages in the technique, the most important being the newly acquired ability to calculate the transient changes in strength of a single vortex as it evolves. The method is applied to the study of vortex rings, although the development can be carried over directly to study vortex pairs, and it is expected that it can be generalized to other flows which contain regions of concentrated vorticity. The accuracy of the method as applied to vortex rings, assessed in part by comparing with the laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) measurements of Sullivan et al., is shown to be excellent.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 80-1330 , Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Conference; Jul 14, 1980 - Jul 16, 1980; Snowmass, CO
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An experiment was conducted to measure the heat transfer from a heated cylinder in crossflow in an array of circular cylinders. All cylinders had a length-to-diameter ratio of 3.0. Both in-line and staggered array patterns were studied. The cylinders were spaced 2.67 diameters apart center-to-center in both the axial and transverse directions to the flow. The row containing the heated cylinder remained in a fixed position in the channel and the relative location of this row within the array was changed by adding up to five upstream rows. The working fluid was nitrogen gas at pressures from 100 to 600 kPa. The Reynolds number range based on cylinder diameter and average unobstructed channel velocity was from 5,000 to 125,000. Turbulence intensity profiles were measured for each case at a point one half space upstream of the row containing the heated cylinder. The basis of comparison for all the heat transfer data was the single row with the heated cylinder. For the in-line cases the addition of a single row of cylinders upstream of the row containing the heated cylinder increased the heat transfer by an average of 50 percent above the base case. Adding up to five more rows caused no increase or decrease in heat transfer. Adding rows in the staggered array cases resulted in average increases in heat transfer of 21, 64, 58, 46, and 46 percent for one to five upstream rows, respectively. Previously announced in STAR as N82-19493
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ASME, Transactions, Journal of Heat Transfer (ISSN 0022-1481); 106; 42-48
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Turbine airfoils are subjected to increasingly higher heat loads which escalate the cooling requirements in order to satisfy life goals for the component materials. If turbine efficiency is to be maintained, however, cooling requirements should be as low as possible. To keep the quantity of cooling air bounded, a more efficient internal cooling scheme must be developed. One approach is to employ airfoils with multipass cooling passages that contain devices to augment internal heat transfer while limiting pressure drop. Design experience with multipass cooling passage airfoils has shown that a surplus of cooling air must be provided as a margin of safety. This increased cooling air leads to a performance penalty. Reliable methods for predicting the internal thermal and aerodynamic performance of multipass cooling passage airfoils would reduce or eliminate the need for the safety margin of surplus cooling air. The objective of the program is to develop and verify improved analytical methods that will form the basis for design technology which will result in efficient turbine components with improved durability without sacrificing performance. The objective will be met by: (1) establishing a comprehensive experimental data base that can form the basis of an empirical design system; (2) developing computational fluid dynamic techniques; and (3) analyzing the information in the data base with both phenomenological modeling and mathematical modeling to derive a suitable design and analysis procedure.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Turbine Eng. Hot Sect. Technol. (HOST); p 111-116
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Experimental measurements of turbulent mass transit in a bluff-body diffusion-flame combustor (using CO2 instead of fuel) are analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of physical models used in flow computations. The data of Lightman and Magill (1981), Lightman et al. (1983), and Roquemore et al. (1983) are used to calculate apparent turbulent Schmidt numbers (TSN) for a series of flow conditions by a modified TEACH viscous-flow code. The modeling principles, calculation grid, and boundary conditions are discussed, and the results are presented in graphs comparing calculated and measured values. It is shown that models such as the two-equation (K - epsilon) model which use a single value of the TSN are inappropriate for conditions typical of gas-turbine combustors: local TSN variations due to turbulence behavior must be taken into account in improved models.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 84-0372
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Local heat transfer coefficients were obtained on irregular cylindrical shapes which typify the accretion of ice on circular cylinders in cross flow. The shapes were 2, 5, and 15 min accumulations of glaze ice and 15 min accumulation of rime ice. These icing shapes were averaged axially to obtain a nominal shape of constant cross section for the heat transfer tests. Heat transfer coefficients were also measured around the cylinder with no ice accretion. The models were run in a 15.2 x 68.6 cm (6 x 27 in.) wind tunnel at several velocities. The models were also run with a turbulence producing grid which gave about 3.5 percent turbulence. The effect of roughness was also simulated with sand grains glued to the surface. Results are presented as Nusselt number versus angle from the stagnation line for the smooth and rough models for both high and low levels of free stream turbulence. Roughness of the surface in the region prior to flow separation plays a major role in determining the heat transfer distribution. Free stream turbulence does not affect the distribution of heat transfer in this region but raises the level by a nearly uniform amount. For the rime shape, roughness had a larger effect in the near wedge shaped region past the initial separation point.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 84-0017
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Deposition rates on platinum-rhodium cylindrical collectors rotating in the cross streams of the combustion gases of a salt-seeded Mach 0.3 burner rig were determined. The collectors were internally air cooled so that their surface temperatures could be widely varied while they were exposed to constant combustion gas temperatures. The deposition rates were compared with those predicted by the chemically frozen boundary layer (CFBL) computer program, which is based on multicomponent vapor transport through the boundary layer. Excellent agreement was obtained between theory and experiment for the NaCl-seeded case, but the agreement lessened as the seed was changed to synthetic sea salt, NaNO3, and K2SO4, respectively, and was particularly poor in the case of Na2SO4. However, when inertial impaction was assumed to be the deposition mechanism for the Na2SO4 case, the predicted rates agreed well with the experimental rates. The former were calculated from a mean particle diameter that was derived from the measured intial droplet size distribution of the solution spray. Critical experiments showed that liquid phase deposits were blown off the smooth surface of the platinum-rhodium collectors by the aerodynamic shear forces of the high-velocity combustion gases but that rough or porous surfaces retained their liquid deposits.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TP-2225 , E-1752 , NAS 1.60:2225
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