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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: The equatorial Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is enigmatic and perhaps among the youngest geologic deposits on Mars. They are thought to be composed of volcanic ash, eolian sediments, or an ice-rich material analogous to polar layered deposits. The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) instrument aboard the Mars Express Spacecraft has detected nadir echoes offset in time-delay from the surface return in orbits over MFF material. These echoes are interpreted to be from the subsurface interface between the MFF material and the underlying terrain. The delay time between the MFF surface and subsurface echoes is consistent with massive deposits emplaced on generally planar lowlands materials with a real dielectric constant of approximately 2.9 +/- 0.4. The real dielectric constant and the estimated dielectric losses are consistent with a substantial component of water ice. However, an anomalously low-density, ice-poor material cannot be ruled out. If ice-rich, the MFF must have a higher percentage of dust and sand than polar layered deposits. The volume of water in an ice-rich MFF deposit would be comparable to that of the south polar layered deposits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watters, Thomas R -- Campbell, Bruce -- Carter, Lynn -- Leuschen, Carl J -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Picardi, Giovanni -- Orosei, Roberto -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Clifford, Stephen M -- Farrell, William M -- Ivanov, Anton B -- Phillips, Roger J -- Stofan, Ellen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1125-8. Epub 2007 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. watterst@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geologic Sediments ; Ice ; *Mars ; Radar
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: The ice-rich south polar layered deposits of Mars were probed with the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding on the Mars Express orbiter. The radar signals penetrate deep into the deposits (more than 3.7 kilometers). For most of the area, a reflection is detected at a time delay that is consistent with an interface between the deposits and the substrate. The reflected power from this interface indicates minimal attenuation of the signal, suggesting a composition of nearly pure water ice. Maps were generated of the topography of the basal interface and the thickness of the layered deposits. A set of buried depressions is seen within 300 kilometers of the pole. The thickness map shows an asymmetric distribution of the deposits and regions of anomalous thickness. The total volume is estimated to be 1.6 x 10(6) cubic kilometers, which is equivalent to a global water layer approximately 11 meters thick.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Picardi, Giovanni -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Ivanov, Anton B -- Milkovich, Sarah M -- Cicchetti, Andrea -- Kofman, Wlodek -- Mouginot, Jeremie -- Farrell, William M -- Phillips, Roger J -- Clifford, Stephen M -- Frigeri, Alessandro -- Orosei, Roberto -- Federico, Costanzo -- Williams, Iwan P -- Gurnett, Donald A -- Nielsen, Erling -- Hagfors, Tor -- Heggy, Essam -- Stofan, Ellen R -- Plettemeier, Dirk -- Watters, Thomas R -- Leuschen, Carlton J -- Edenhofer, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):92-5. Epub 2007 Mar 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Ice ; *Mars ; Radar ; Spacecraft ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Both poles of Mars are hidden beneath caps of layered ice. We calculated the density of the south polar layered deposits by combining the gravity field obtained from initial results of radio tracking of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter with existing surface topography from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and basal topography from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding on the Mars Express spacecraft. The results indicate a best-fit density of 1220 kilograms per cubic meter, which is consistent with water ice that has approximately 15% admixed dust. The results demonstrate that the deposits are probably composed of relatively clean water ice and also refine the martian surface-water inventory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuber, Maria T -- Phillips, Roger J -- Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C -- Asmar, Sami W -- Konopliv, Alexander S -- Lemoine, Frank G -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Smith, David E -- Smrekar, Suzanne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1718-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA. zuber@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: Outflow channels on Mars are interpreted as the product of gigantic floods due to the catastrophic eruption of groundwater that may also have initiated episodes of climate change. Marte Vallis, the largest of the young martian outflow channels (〈500 million years old), is embayed by lava flows that hinder detailed studies and comparisons with older channel systems. Understanding Marte Vallis is essential to our assessment of recent Mars hydrologic activity during a period otherwise considered to be cold and dry. Using data from the Shallow Radar sounder on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, we present a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of buried channels on Mars and provide estimates of paleohydrologic parameters. Our work shows that Cerberus Fossae provided the waters that carved Marte Vallis, and it extended an additional 180 kilometers to the east before the emplacement of the younger lava flows. We identified two stages of channel incision and determined that channel depths were more than twice those of previous estimates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morgan, Gareth A -- Campbell, Bruce A -- Carter, Lynn M -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Phillips, Roger J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):607-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1234787. Epub 2013 Mar 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. morganga@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23470730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Floods ; *Mars ; Radar ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Mars' polar regions are covered with ice-rich layered deposits that potentially contain a record of climate variations. The sounding radar SHARAD on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapped detailed subsurface stratigraphy in the Promethei Lingula region of the south polar plateau, Planum Australe. Radar reflections interpreted as layers are correlated across adjacent orbits and are continuous for up to 150 kilometers along spacecraft orbital tracks. The reflectors are often separated into discrete reflector sequences, and strong echoes are seen as deep as 1 kilometer. In some cases, the sequences are dipping with respect to each other, suggesting an interdepositional period of erosion. In Australe Sulci, layers are exhumed, indicating recent erosion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seu, Roberto -- Phillips, Roger J -- Alberti, Giovanni -- Biccari, Daniela -- Bonaventura, Francesco -- Bortone, Marco -- Calabrese, Diego -- Campbell, Bruce A -- Cartacci, Marco -- Carter, Lynn M -- Catallo, Claudio -- Croce, Anna -- Croci, Renato -- Cutigni, Marco -- Di Placido, Antonio -- Dinardo, Salvatore -- Federico, Costanzo -- Flamini, Enrico -- Fois, Franco -- Frigeri, Alessandro -- Fuga, Oreste -- Giacomoni, Emanuele -- Gim, Yonggyu -- Guelfi, Mauro -- Holt, John W -- Kofman, Wlodek -- Leuschen, Carlton J -- Marinangeli, Lucia -- Marras, Paolo -- Masdea, Arturo -- Mattei, Stefania -- Mecozzi, Riccardo -- Milkovich, Sarah M -- Morlupi, Antonio -- Mouginot, Jeremie -- Orosei, Roberto -- Papa, Claudio -- Paterno, Tobia -- Persi del Marmo, Paolo -- Pettinelli, Elena -- Pica, Giulia -- Picardi, Giovanni -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Provenziani, Marco -- Putzig, Nathaniel E -- Russo, Federica -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Salzillo, Giuseppe -- Santovito, Maria Rosaria -- Smrekar, Suzanne E -- Tattarletti, Barbara -- Vicari, Danilo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1715-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento INFOCOM, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza," I-00184 Rome, Italy. roberto.seu@uniroma1.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: Shallow Radar soundings from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal a buried deposit of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) ice within the south polar layered deposits of Mars with a volume of 9500 to 12,500 cubic kilometers, about 30 times that previously estimated for the south pole residual cap. The deposit occurs within a stratigraphic unit that is uniquely marked by collapse features and other evidence of interior CO(2) volatile release. If released into the atmosphere at times of high obliquity, the CO(2) reservoir would increase the atmospheric mass by up to 80%, leading to more frequent and intense dust storms and to more regions where liquid water could persist without boiling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Roger J -- Davis, Brian J -- Tanaka, Kenneth L -- Byrne, Shane -- Mellon, Michael T -- Putzig, Nathaniel E -- Haberle, Robert M -- Kahre, Melinda A -- Campbell, Bruce A -- Carter, Lynn M -- Smith, Isaac B -- Holt, John W -- Smrekar, Suzanne E -- Nunes, Daniel C -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Egan, Anthony F -- Titus, Timothy N -- Seu, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 13;332(6031):838-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1203091. Epub 2011 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Planetary Science Directorate, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. roger@boulder.swri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cold Temperature ; *Dry Ice ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C, X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) was launched on space shuttle Endeavour at 7:05 AM EDT, Saturday, April 9, 1994. Soon after launch, the radars were activated and began around the clock operations which lasted for the next 10 days.
    Keywords: Communications and Radar
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Communications and Radar
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  • 9
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Communications and Radar
    Type: International Geological Congress; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
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