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  • 1
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    Final Evaluation Memorandum: Strategies for Resolving Low Dissolved Oxygen and Methylmercury Events in Northern Suisun Marsh (2021)
    State Water Resources Control Board | Sacramento, CA
    In:  stuart@swampthing.org | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/6470 | 393 | 2020-08-24 04:45:31 | 6470 | Bachand & Associates
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The purpose of the project is to improve our understanding about best management practices that can be utilized on diked managed wetlands in Suisun Marsh for reducing the occurrence of low dissolved oxygen (DO) and high methylmercury (MeHg) events associated primarily with fall flood-up practices. Low DO events are of concern because they can lead to undue stress and even mortality of sensitive aquatic organisms. Elevated MeHg levels are of concern because MeHg is a neurotoxin that bio-magnifies up the food chain and can cause deleterious effects to higher trophic level consumers such as piscivorous fish, birds, and mammals (including humans). This study involved two years (2007-2008) of intensive field data collection at two managed wetland sites in northwest Suisun Marsh and their surrounding tidal sloughs, an area with prior documented low DO events. In addition, the study collected limited soils and water quality field data and mapped vegetation for three managed wetland sites in the central interior of Suisun Marsh, for the purpose of examining whether wetlands at other locations exhibit characteristics that could indicate potential for similar concerns. In Year 1 of the study, the objective was to identify the baseline conditions in the managed wetlands and determine which physical management conditions could be modified for Year 2 to reduce low DO and MeHg production issues most effectively. The objective of Year 2 was to evaluate the effectiveness of these modified management actions at reducing production of low DO and elevated MeHg conditions within the managed wetlands and to continue improving understanding of the underlying biogeochemical processes at play. This Final Evaluation Memorandum examined a total of 19 BMPs, 14 involving modified water management operations and the remaining five involving modified soil and vegetation management practices. Some of these BMPs were previously employed and others have not yet been tested. For each BMP this report assesses its efficacy in improving water quality conditions and potential conflicts with wetland management. It makes recommendations for further study (either feasibility assessments or field testing) and whether to consider for future use. Certain previously used BMPs were found to be important contributors to poor water quality conditions and their continued use is not recommended. Some BMPs that could improve water quality conditions appear difficult to implement in regards to compatibility with wetland management; these BMPs require further elaboration and feasibility assessment to determine whether they should be field tested. In practice for any given wetland, there is likely a combination of BMPs that would together have the greatest potential to address the low DO and high MeHg water quality concerns. Consequently, this report makes no sweeping recommendations applicable to large groups of wetlands but instead promotes a careful consideration of factors at each wetland or small groups of wetlands and from that assessment to apply the most effective suite of BMPs.This report also identifies a number of recommended future actions and studies. These recommendations are geared toward improving the process understanding of factors that promote low DO and high MeHg conditions, the extent of these problems in Suisun Marsh, the regulatory basis for the DO standards for a large estuarine marsh, the economics of BMPs, and alternative approaches to BMPs on diked managed wetlands that may address the water quality issues. The most important of these recommendations is that future BMP implementation should be carried out within the context of rigorous scientific evaluation so as to gain the maximum improvement in how to manage these water quality issues in the diked managed wetlands of Suisun Marsh.
    Description: State Water Resources Control Board
    Description: Project Number 06-283-552-0
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Chemistry ; Engineering ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Management ; Pollution ; BMPs ; dissolved oxygen ; mercury ; Suisun Marsh ; managed wetlands ; best management practices ; methyl mercury ; hydrology ; tidal water quality ; Wetlands and Water Resources ; Bachand and Associates ; Suisun Resource Conservation District ; California Department of Fish and Game ; California Department of Water Resources ; University of California Davis ; U.S. Geological Survey
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 353
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet irradiation of plastics. II. Crosslinking and scissionThis work was supported by the Materials Central, Wright Air Development Division, Air Research and Development Command. (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 55 (1961), S. 465-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ultraviolet irradiation of polyethylen, nylon, Mylar, and Acrilan produces higher scission-to-crosslinking ratios when irradiation is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere than it does when irradiation is in a vacuum. Irradiation of polyethylene in nitrogen causes a sharp decrease in molecular weight while irradiation of Acrilan in vacuum causes an equally notable increase in molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205516205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet irradiation of plastics III. Decomposition products and mechanismsThis work was supported by the Materials Central, Wright Air Development Division, Air Research and Development Command. (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 55 (1961), S. 477-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Volatile decomposition products of ultraviolet-irradiated polyethylene, nylon, Mylar, and Acrilan have been analyzed. The principal decomposition products of polyethylene are hydrogen and methane. Besides hydrogen and methane, carbon monoxide occurs in considerable amounts in the decomposition products of the other polymers. There is a considerable difference in the relative abundances of methane and hydrogen in the decomposition products, depending on whether irradiation was performed in a vacuum or in nitrogen. Decomposition products of ultraviolet-irradiated nylon include all of the primary amines from methyl through hexyl. Mechanisms consistent with the observed results of photolysis are proposed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205516206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transmission of proban®-treated fabrics subjected to a radiant heat source (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 7 (1983), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The apparatus described in DIN 4842 was used to measure the heat transmission of a series of Nomex, polyester-cotton, Proban®-Treated cotton, untreated cotton and wool workwear fabrics subjected to a radiant heat source. Heat transmission was found to be dependent on the incident heat flux, fabric weight and fabric thickness. At the heat flux levels tested, 10 KJ m-2s-1 and 20 KJ m-2s-1, heat transmission was found to be largely independent of the fibre composition of the fabric when single layers of fabric were tested. The level of heat transmission was reduced by the use of multiplayer assemblies or a reflective aluminium coating, but the greatest reduction was obtained when air spaces were interposed between the fabrics. Conbinaitons of fabrics were developed which transmitted less than 205 KJ m-2s-1 during testing at incident heat flux levels of 10 KJ m-2s-1 and 20 KJ m-2s-1.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810070305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developments in inorganic phosphorus flame retardants (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 13 (1988), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Difficulties encountered in bulk transportation of red phosphorus can be overcome by making an intimate blend with alumina trihydrate. The blend is suitable for direct use with more alumina hydrate in a synertistic flame retardant system for epoxy resin mouldings. The degree of observed synergism allows low loadings of the addivities and consequently the electrical and physical properties of the mouldings are only slightly affected.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810130131
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single cell high order scheme for the convection-diffusion equation with variable coefficients (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 641-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Convection-Diffusion ; Finite Difference ; High Order ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new finite difference scheme for the convection-diffusion equation with variable coefficients is proposed. The difference scheme is defined on a single square cell of size 2h over a 9-point stencil and has a truncation error of order h4. The resulting system of equations can be solved by iterative methods. Numerical results of some test problems are given.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040704
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forbidden nodes for curved finite elements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1421-1427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown here that certain interpolating polynomials of degrees four and five may not always be uniquely defined on triangular-shaped elements which have one curved side. Conditions which indicate non-uniqueness are given, together with some geometrical interpretations concerning the location of the node on the curved side. A numerical example is given to demonstrate that there ar curves for which every point is unsuitable to be chosen as a node.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140913
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localized flow birefringence of polyethylene oxide solutions in a four roll mill (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 14 (1976), S. 1111-1119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We report flow birefringence observations of polyethylene oxide solutions in a four roll mill where the flow field in the central region of the mill approximates well to that of pure shearing flow. When flow birefringence is observed it is seen to be highly localized within a region close to the “outgoing” asymptotic plane of flow. The phenomenon can be explained in terms of the flow birefringence corresponding to high extension of some polymer chains where the localization is caused by the chains requiring sufficient time in the flow field to become extended. This explanation has important consequences in all “persistently extensional flows” and can explain the origin of previously published results of localized flow birefringence observed for polyethylene solutions in axial compression and axial extensional flows.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.180140613
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet irradiation of plastics. I. Degradation of physical propertiesThis work was supported by the Materials Central, Wright Air Development Division, Air Research and Development Command. (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 55 (1961), S. 451-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyethylene, Teflon, nylon, Mylar, and Acrilan have been irradiated in vacuo and in an atmosphere of nitrogen with narrow bands of ultraviolet radiation centered at 244, 314, and 369 μ and with monochromatic ultraviolet light of wavelength 253.7 μ. The physical properties of all these polymers are ultimately degraded by ultraviolet light of any of these wavelengths, but the shorter wavelengths are much the more effective in producing changes. The degradation of polyethylene, nylon, Mylar, and Acrilan is faster when irradiation is in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen than it is when irradiation is in vacuo. Teflon, however, degrades more rapidly in vacuo than in a nitrogen atmosphere.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205516204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An explicit numerical method for solving transient combined heat conduction and convection problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1141-1163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes an explicit numerical method for solving transient combined heat conduction and convection problems. Applications include the cooling of many types of engineering plant; for example, stator and rotor windings of turbogenerators and high voltage underground cables. The Du Fort-Frankel and the fully implicit finite difference schemes have been used to solve the conduction and convection equations, respectively. It is shown that, with a suitable order of calculation, the overall method becomes explicit. Computational procedures are outlined and stability, accuracy and convergence are considered. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the use of the method and to validate some of the theoretical points. Results have also been obtained using existing numerical methods and have been compared with those from the proposed method. For certain problems, it is shown that the proposed method uses less overall computing time than other methods such as that devised by Crank and Nicolson.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140804
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