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  • COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE  (9)
  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (4)
  • 1
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Among the highly parallel computing architectures required for advanced scientific computation, those designated 'MIMD' and 'SIMD' have yielded the best results to date. The present development status evaluation of such architectures shown neither to have attained a decisive advantage in most near-homogeneous problems' treatment; in the cases of problems involving numerous dissimilar parts, however, such currently speculative architectures as 'neural networks' or 'data flow' machines may be entailed. Data flow computers are the most practical form of MIMD fine-grained parallel computers yet conceived; they automatically solve the problem of assigning virtual processors to the real processors in the machine.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 250; 1217-122
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Sparsely Distributed Memory (SDM) developed by Kanerva is an unconventional memory design with very interesting and desirable properties. The memory works in a manner that is closely related to modern theories of human memory. The SDM model is discussed in terms of its implementation in hardware. Two appendices discuss the unconventional approaches of the SDM: Appendix A treats a resistive circuit for fast, parallel address decoding; and Appendix B treats a systolic array for high throughput read and write operations.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: NASA-TM-89254 , RIACS-TR-86.15 , NAS 1.15:89254
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  • 3
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Pentti Kanerva is working on a new class of computers, which are called pattern computers. Pattern computers may close the gap between capabilities of biological organisms to recognize and act on patterns (visual, auditory, tactile, or olfactory) and capabilities of modern computers. Combinations of numeric, symbolic, and pattern computers may one day be capable of sustaining robots. The overview of the requirements for a pattern computer, a summary of Kanerva's Sparse Distributed Memory (SDM), and examples of tasks this computer can be expected to perform well are given.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: NASA-TM-89206 , RIACS-TR-86.14 , NAS 1.15:89206
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The focus of the Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS) is to explore matches between advanced computing architectures and the processes of scientific research. An architecture evaluation of the MIT static dataflow machine, specification of a graphical language for expressing distributed computations, and specification of an expert system for aiding in grid generation for two-dimensional flow problems was initiated. Research projects for 1984 and 1985 are summarized.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: NASA-CR-179699 , RIACS-TR-86.11 , NAS 1.26:179699
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Virtual memory was conceived as a way to automate overlaying of program segments. Modern computers have very large main memories, but need automatic solutions to the relocation and protection problems. Virtual memory serves this need as well and is thus useful in computers of all sizes. The history of the idea is traced, showing how it has become a widespread, little noticed feature of computers today.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: NASA-TM-89401 , RIACS-TR-86.8 , NAS 1.15:89401
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  • 6
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Most software is contructed on the assumption that the programs and data are stored in random access memory (RAM). Physical limitations on the relative speeds of processor and memory elements lead to a variety of memory organizations that match processor addressing rate with memory service rate. These include interleaved and cached memory. A very high fraction of a processor's address requests can be satified from the cache without reference to the main memory. The cache requests information from main memory in blocks that can be transferred at the full memory speed. Programmers who organize algorithms for locality can realize the highest performance from these computers.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: NASA-TM-89394 , RIACS-TR-86.1 , NAS 1.15:89394
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  • 7
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Sparse distributed memory was proposed be Pentti Kanerva as a realizable architecture that could store large patterns and retrieve them based on partial matches with patterns representing current sensory inputs. This memory exhibits behaviors, both in theory and in experiment, that resemble those previously unapproached by machines - e.g., rapid recognition of faces or odors, discovery of new connections between seemingly unrelated ideas, continuation of a sequence of events when given a cue from the middle, knowing that one doesn't know, or getting stuck with an answer on the tip of one's tongue. These behaviors are now within reach of machines that can be incorporated into the computing systems of robots capable of seeing, talking, and manipulating. Kanerva's theory is a break with the Western rationalistic tradition, allowing a new interpretation of learning and cognition that respects biology and the mysteries of individual human beings.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: NASA-CR-188841 , NAS 1.26:188841 , RIACS-TR-89-22
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: HAMSR is a millimeter wave temperature and humidity sounder that utilizes state of the art technology to enable substantially reduced size and mass.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: 5th Airborne Remote Sensing Conference; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2001; Sydney; Australia
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: Fifth International Airborne Remote Sensing; San Francisco, CA; United States
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