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  • 1
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    Development of an Accelerated Test Design for Predicting the Service Life of the Solar Array at Mead, Nebraska (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An accelerated life test is described which was developed to predict the life of the 25 kW photovoltaic array installed near Mead, Nebraska. A quantitative model for accelerating testing using multiple environmental stresses was used to develop the test design. The model accounts for the effects of thermal stress by a relation of the Arrhenius form. This relation was then corrected for the effects of nonthermal environmental stresses, such as relative humidity, atmospheric pollutants, and ultraviolet radiation. The correction factors for the nonthermal stresses included temperature-dependent exponents to account for the effects of interactions between thermal and nonthermal stresses on the rate of degradation of power output. The test conditions, measurements, and data analyses for the accelerated tests are presented. Constant-temperature, cyclic-temperature, and UV types of tests are specified, incorporating selected levels of relative humidity and chemical contamination and an imposed forward-bias current and static electric field.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162534 , DOE/JPL-954328-79/13
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Evaluation available encapsulation materials for low-cost long-life silicon photovoltaic arrays (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental evaluation of selected encapsulation designs and materials based on an earlier study which have potential for use in low cost, long-life photovoltaic arrays are reported. The performance of candidate materials and encapsulated cells were evaluated principally for three types of encapsulation designs based on their potentially low materials and processing costs: (1) polymeric coatings, transparent conformal coatings over the cell with a structural-support substrate; (2) polymeric film lamination, cells laminated between two films or sheets of polymeric materials; and (3) glass-covered systems, cells adhesively bonded to a glass cover (superstrate) with a polymeric pottant and a glass or other substrate material. Several other design types, including those utilizing polymer sheet and pottant materials, were also included in the investigation.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-157758 , DOE/JPL-954328-78/2
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Measurement techniques and instruments suitable for life-prediction testing of photovoltaic arrays (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Array failure modes, relevant materials property changes, and primary degradation mechanisms are discussed as a prerequisite to identifying suitable measurement techniques and instruments. Candidate techniques and instruments are identified on the basis of extensive reviews of published and unpublished information. These methods are organized in six measurement categories - chemical, electrical, optical, thermal, mechanical, and other physicals. Using specified evaluation criteria, the most promising techniques and instruments for use in life prediction tests of arrays were selected.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-157084 , DOE/JPL-954328-78/1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Studies of encapsulant materials for terrestrial solar-cell arrays (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Study 1 of this contract is entitled ""Evaluation of World Experience and Properties of Materials for Encapsulation of Terrestrial Solar-Cell Arrays.'' The approach of this study is to review and analyze world experience and to compile data on properties of encapsulants for photovoltaic cells and for related applications. The objective of the effort is to recommend candidate materials and processes for encapsulating terrestrial photovoltaic arrays at low cost for a service life greater than 20 years. The objectives of Study 2, ""Definition of Encapsulant Service Environments and Test Conditions,'' are to develop the climatic/environmental data required to define the frequency and duration of detrimental environmental conditions in a 20-year array lifetime and to develop a corresponding test schedule for encapsulant systems.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-148816 , ERDA/JPL-954328-75/1 , QPR-1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Development of an Accelerated Test Design for Predicting the Service Life of the Solar Array at Mead, Nebraska (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Potential long-term degradation modes for the two types of modules in the Mead array were determined and judgments were made as to those environmental stresses and combinations of stresses which accelerate the degradation of the power output. Hierarchical trees representing the severity of effects of stresses (test conditions) on eleven individual degradation modes were constructed and were pruned of tests judged to be nonessential. Composites of those trees were developed so that there is now one pruned tree covering eight degradation modes, another covering two degradation modes, and a third covering one degradation mode. These three composite trees form the basis for selection of test conditions in the final test plan which is now being prepared.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-158373 , DOE/JPL-954328-79/11
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Evaluation of selected chemical processes for production of low-cost silicon, phase 2 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Potential designs for an integrated fluidized-bed reactor/zinc vaporizer/SiCl4 preheater unit are being considered and heat-transfer calculations have been initiated on versions of the zinc vaporizer section. Estimates of the cost of the silicon prepared in the experimental facility have been made for projected capacities of 25, 50, 75, and 100 metric ton of silicon. A 35 percent saving is obtained in going from 25 metric ton/year to the 50 metric ton/year level. This analysis, coupled with the recognition that use of two reactors in the 50 metric ton/year version allows for continued operation (at reduced capacity) with one reactor shut down, has resulted in a recommendation for adoption of an experimental facility capacity of 50 metric ton/year or greater. At this stage, the change to a larger size facility would not increase the design costs appreciably. In the experimental support program, the effects of seed bed particle size and depth were studied, and operation of the miniplant with a new zinc vaporizer was initiated, revealing the need for modification of the latter.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-153907 , QPR-7 , ERDA/JPL-754339-77/7
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Measurement Techniques and Instruments Suitable for Life-prediction Testing of Photovoltaic Arrays (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The validation of a 20-year service life for low-cost photovoltaic arrays is a critical requirement in the Low-Cost Solar Array (LSA) Project. The validation is accomplished through accelerated life-prediction tests. A two-phase study was conducted to address the needs before such tests are carried out. The results and recommended techniques from the Phase 1 investigation are summarized in the appendix. Phase 2 of the study is covered in this report and consisted of experimental evaluations of three techniques selected from these recommended as a results of the Phase 1 findings. The three techniques evaluated were specular and nonspecular optical reflectometry, chemiluminescence measurements, and electric current noise measurements.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-158733 , DOE/JPL-954328-79/12
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Methodology for designing accelerated aging tests for predicting life of photovoltaic arrays (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A methodology for designing aging tests in which life prediction was paramount was developed. The methodology builds upon experience with regard to aging behavior in those material classes which are expected to be utilized as encapsulant elements, viz., glasses and polymers, and upon experience with the design of aging tests. The experiences were reviewed, and results are discussed in detail.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-153906 , ERDA/JPL-954328-77/1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Review of world experience and properties of materials for encapsulation of terrestrial photovoltaic arrays (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Published and unpublished information relating to encapsulation systems and materials properties was collected by searching the literature and appropriate data bases (over 1,300 documents were selected and reviewed) and by personal contacts including site and company visits. A data tabulation summarizing world experience with terrestrial photovoltaic arrays (50 installations) is presented in the report. Based on criteria of properties, processability, availability, and cost, candidate materials were identified which have potential for use in encapsulation systems for arrays with a lifetime of over 20 years high reliability, an efficiency greater than 10 percent, a total price less than $500/kW, and a production capacity of 500,000 kW/yr. The recommended materials (all commercially available) include, depending upon the device design, various borosilicate and soda-lime glasses and numerous polymerics suitable for specific encapsulation system functions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-149451 , ERDA/JPL-954328-76/4
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Characterization of terrestrial service environments - The simultaneous occurrence of combined conditions of solar insolation and climatic variables (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Computational methods for occurrences of combined environmental and pollution variables are compared. General statistical data and diurnal statistics on 24 environmental variables are treated. Combinations of variables dealt with include: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, total insolation; air temperature and weather event (rain, fog); air pollutant and weather event; wind speed, wind direction, and weather event; air temperature, total insolation, and weather event; air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, computed direct insolation levels; air temperature, relative humidity, air pollution.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: International Solar Energy Society; Jun 06, 1977 - Jun 10, 1977; Orlando, FL
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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