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  • Chemistry  (101)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber die Constitution der organischen Säuren u. s. w.Fortsetzung von Bd. XIX. 312. (1840)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 20 (1840), S. 273-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18400200143
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Living enantiosymmetric and enantioasymmetric polymerization of methylthiirane in homogeneous phase (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 3 (1991), S. 484-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: propylene sulfide ; cadmium thiolate ; stereospecific polymerization ; living polymerization ; anionic polymerization ; ring-opening polymerization ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of racemic methylthiirane in homogeneous phase, initiated by bis(isopropyl-S-cysteinato) cadmium is a living process. The resulting polymers are isotactic and optically active at partial conversion. The optical purity of the residual monomer may reach 27% at half conversion. The propagation occurs mainly on one valency of Cd, however oligomers grow slowly on the second valency. The stereoregularity of the polymer chain appears only when the length of the oligomer becomes high enough, making possible a bicoordination of the Cd counterions. The stereoregularity of the polymer is characterized by the molar fraction σ of isotactic diads which varies from 0.5 for atactic chains - formed at the beginning - to about one for isotactic segments formed for longer chains. The stereospecifictity also depends on temperature of propagation and on initiator concentration. The kinetics observed (zero order in monomer and one-half in Cd) are explained by monomer coordination before insertion and dimeric association of the thiolate end groups. The enantioasymmetric process observed results from an unbalance in the number of the two different types of active sites and possibly from a difference in their reactivities. Enantioasymmetry has been found to decrease significantly when the dielectric constant ε of the medium increases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530030614
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propylene polymerization in a semibatch slurry reactor over supported TiCl4/MgCl2/ethyl benzoate/triethyl aluminum catalyst. I. Catalytic behavior (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1605-1623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: High activity TiCl4/MgCl2/ethyl benzoate (EB)/triethyl aluminum (TEA) catalysts for the polymerization of propylene were synthesized and characterized for particle size distribution and crystallinity. Polymerization was carried out in a semibatch, constant pressure slurry reactor. A correction for interfacial mass transfer was found to be necessary to relate the monomer feed rate to the instantaneous rate of polymerization. Without such a correction serious misinterpretation of rate data could result. Optimum productivity was observed with respect to the Al/Ti ratio. Similar behavior was observed with polymerization temperature. Isotacticity increased with polymerization tamperature and decreased with Al/Ti ratio. The addition of a small amount of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine increased the percentage of isotactic polypropylene to 98% without significantly affecting productivity.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370615
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propylene polymerization in a semibatch slurry reactor over supported TiCl4/MgCl2/ethyl benzoate/triethyl aluminum catalyst. II. A kinetic study based on a multisite model (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1625-1644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In propylene polymerization over TiCl4/MgCl2/ethyl benzoate (EB)/triethyl aluminum (TEA) catalysts, experimental evidence strongly suggests that active sites have differing propagation and termination rate constants. Although the chemical structure of these sites may be quite similar, their location on the support may affect their polymerization activity, and this results in a distribution of the propagation and deactivation rate constants. To model this type of system, we developed a kinetic model accounting for multiple active sites. The model was fitted to simulated polymerization data to investigate the validity of mathematical approximations used in the derivation of the model equation. Using experimental data, the adequacy of the model was tested, and the statistical inference of parameter estimation was also discussed. The effects of experimental operating variables and additives on the kinetic model parameters revealed an important insight into the fundamentals of this system. The optimum productivity commonly observed has been shown to be the result of differing rates of increase of both propagation and termination rates with Al/Ti ratio and temperature. Kinetic evidence also suggests that the additive selectively poisons atactic-specific sites.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370616
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ring Expansion - Formation of Optically Active 3-Hydroxypiperidines from Pyrrolidinemethanol Derivatives (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 1693-1699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Pyrrolidines ; Piperidines ; Nitrogen heterocycles ; Rearrangements ; Aziridinium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of pyrrolidinemethanol derivatives (-)-1, (-)-6, (-)-7, 8, (-)-9, (+)-10, (-)-11, and (-)-21 with trifluoroacetic anhydride and then with Et3N afforded, after hydrolysis of the trifluoroacetyl group with NaOH, the optically active 3-hydroxypiperidines (-)-14, (+)-15, (-)-16, 17, (+)-18, (-)-19, (-)-20, and (+)-22, respectively. The yields are good and the enantiomeric excess excellent (up to 95 %).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber die Carbovinate, die Carbo-Methylate und die wahre Zusammenselzung des Rohrzuckers (1838)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 13 (1838), S. 369-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18380130152
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über die wahre Zusammen setzung der atmosphärischen Luft (1841)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 24 (1841), S. 65-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18410240111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber den Indigo (1841)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 24 (1841), S. 193-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18410240126
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber die Bildung des Wachses der Bienen (1844)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 31 (1844), S. 5-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18440310102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung über das Blut (1846)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1846), S. 266-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18460380163
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