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  • 1
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    Remote profiling of lake ice using an S-band short-pulse radar aboard an all-terrain vehicle (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A short-pulse (one nanosecond) S-band radar system was developed to supplement the information obtained with the aid of the SLAR system of the Great Lakes ice information system. It is the objective of the ice information system to aid in extending the winter navigation season. The SLAR imagery cannot be interpreted directly to obtain information concerning the thickness of the ice. This information is to be provided by a remote ice measuring system utilizing nanosecond radar pulses. A description is given of investigations in which such a system was installed on a C-47 aircraft. In other studies reported an S-band short-pulse radar was mounted on an all-terrain vehicle.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Radio Science; 11; Apr. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Automated solar-cell-array assembly machine (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Continuous-feeding machine automatically bonds solar cells to printed-circuit substrate. In completed machine, cells move to test station where electrical characteristics could be checked. If performance of cell is below specifications, that cell is marked and removed. All machine functions are synchronized by electronics located within unit. It may help to lower costs in future solar-cell production.
    Keywords: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
    Type: NPO-13652 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 3; 2; P. 206
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Soil moisture detection from radar imagery of the Phoenix, Arizona test site (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) dual-polarization X and L band radar was flown to acquire radar imagery over the Phoenix (Arizona) test site. The site was covered by a north-south pass and an east-west pass. Radar response to soil moisture was investigated. Since the ERIM radar does not have accurately measured antenna patterns, analysis of the L band data was performed separately for each of several strips along the flight line, each corresponding to a narrow angle of incidence. For the NS pass, good correlation between the radar return and mositure content was observed for each of the two nearest (to nadir) angular ranges. At higher angular ranges, no correlation was observed. The above procedure was not applied to the EW pass due to flight path misalignments. The results obtained stress the importance of radar calibration, the digitization process, and the angle of incidence.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-144638 , RSL-TR-264-4
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Measurement of lake ice thickness with a short-pulse radar system (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements of lake ice thickness were made during March 1975 at the Straits of Mackinac by using a short-pulse radar system aboard an all-terrain vehicle. These measurements were compared with ice thicknesses determined with an auger. Over 25 sites were explored which had ice thicknesses in the range 29 to 60 cm. The maximum difference between radar and auger measurements was less than 9.8 percent. The magnitude of the error was less than + or - 3.5 cm. The NASA operating short-pulse radar system used in monitoring lake ice thickness from an aircraft is also described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8189 , E-8573
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Environmental aspects of run-off and siltation in the Anacostia basin from hyperaltitude photographs (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effects of urbanization and highway construction on run-off, erosion and siltation on the Anacostia watershed was analyzed. The analysis was based on changes in land use patterns demonstrated by aerial photographs, geologic and hydrologic data. Subwatersheds were studied in terms of three hypothetical storms of different magnitudes. An approximately 10 percent increase in impervious surface can cause a 12 percent increase in peak discharge for storms of the magnitude of tropical storm Agnes, a 20 percent increase for a 10 hour storm and a 150 percent increase for a thunderstorm. The early discharge from a storm of Agnes' magnitude can be increased by 100 percent. Corresponding effects were observed in soil erosion and siltation from bare construction sites. These effects are interrelated with sewage, oil, and chemical pollution and inadequate public transportation. The net result is steady degradation of the local environment, the estuary and the bay.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70888 , X-644-73-352
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Altering Flashlamp Output for Realistic Solar Simulation (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Commercial glass optical filter corrects spectrum of xenon flashtubes used to test photovoltaic solar cells. Filter withstands thousands of flashes without perceptible alteration of passband characteristics. With filter, calibration errors reduced to less than 1 percent.
    Keywords: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
    Type: NPO-16167 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 9; 1; P. 82
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Remote profiling of lake ice using an S-band short pulse radar aboard an all-terrain vehicle (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An airborne short-pulse radar system to measure ice thickness was designed. The system supported an effort to develop an all-weather Great Lakes Ice Information System to aid in extending the winter navigation season. Experimental studies into the accuracy and limitations of the system are described. A low power version was operated from an all-terrain vehicle on the Straits of Mackinac during March 1975. The vehicle allowed rapid surveying of large areas and eliminated the ambiguity in location between the radar system and the ground truth ice auger team. It was also possible to the effects of snow cover, surface melt water, pressure ridging, and ice type upon the accuracy of the system. Over 25 sites were explored which had ice thicknesses from 29 to 60 cm. The maximum radar overestimate was 9.8 percent, while the maximum underestimate was 6.6 percent. The average error of the 25 measurements was 0.1 percent.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71808 , E-8502 , Subsurface Probing Session of the International Union of Radio Science Meeting; Oct 20, 1975 - Oct 23, 1975; Boulder, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Great Lakes all-weather ice information system (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A system is described which utilizes an X-band Side-Looking-Airborne-Radar (SLAR) for determining type, location, and aerial distribution of the ice cover in the Great Lakes and an airborne, S-band, short pulse radar for obtaining ice thickness. The SLAR system is currently mounted aboard a U.S. Coast Guard C-130B aircraft. Digitized SLAR data are relayed in real-time via the NOAA-GOES-1 satellite in geosynchronous orbit to the U.S. Coast Guard Ice Center in Cleveland, Ohio. SLAR images along with hand-drawn interpretative ice charts for various winter shipping areas in the Great Lakes are broadcast to facsimile recorders aboard Great Lakes vessels. The operational aspects of this ice information system are being demonstrated by NASA, U.S. Coast Guard, and NOAA/National Weather Service. Results from the 1974-75 winter season demonstrated the ability of this system to provide all-weather ice information to shippers in a timely manner.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71815 , Intern. Symp. on Remote Sensing of the Environment; Oct 06, 1975 - Oct 10, 1975; Ann Arbor, MI; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Sunlight Simulator for Photovoltaic Testing (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Light with normalized spectral irradiance resembling that of airmass 1.5 sunlight striking surface of Earth produced by use of ultraviolet filter to modify output of set of flashlamps used as large-area pulsed solar simulator (LAPSS). Filtered LAPSS light allows more realistic measurements of output of photovoltaic devices when using silicon reference cell having different spectral response characteristic.
    Keywords: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
    Type: NPO-16696 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 10; 3; P. 58
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Great Lakes all-weather ice information system (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The all-weather ice information system described uses the X-band side-looking airborne radar to determine the aerial distribution, location, and type of ice cover in the Great Lakes and an airborne S-band short-pulse radar to determine the ice thickness. Results from the 1974-1975 winter season demonstrated the ability of the system to provide all-weather ice information to shippers at the required time.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment; Oct 06, 1975 - Oct 10, 1975; Ann Arbor, MI
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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