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  • Aluminum toxicity  (2)
  • Drosophila melanogaster  (2)
  • breast cancer  (2)
  • Springer  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The urate oxidase gene of Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila melanogaster: Evolutionary changes of sequence and regulation (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 62-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Urate oxidase ; Drosophila pseudoobscura ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Nucleotide sequence ; Evolutionary comparison ; Gene regulation ; Malpighian tubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The urate oxidase (UO) transcription unit of Drosophila pseudoobscura was cloned, sequenced, and compared to the UO transcription unit from Drosophila melanogaster. In both species the UO coding region is divided into two exons of approximately equal size. The deduced D. pseudoobscura and D. melanogaster UO peptides have 346 and 352 amino acid residues, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of the D. pseudoobscura and D. melanogaster UO protein-coding regions are 82.2% identical whereas the deduced amino acid sequences are 87.6% identical with 42 amino acid changes, 33 of which occur in the first exon. Although the UO gene is expressed exclusively within the cells of the Malpighian tubules in both of these species, the temporal patterns of UO gene activity during development are markedly different. UO enzyme activity, UO protein, and UO mRNA are found in the third instar larva and adult of D. melanogaster but only in the adult stage of D. pseudoobscura. The intronic sequences and the extragenic 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of the D. pseudoobscura and D. melanogaster UO genes are highly divergent with the exception of eight small islands of conserved sequence along 772 by 5′ of the UO protein-coding region. These islands of conserved sequence are possible UO cis-acting regulatory elements as they reside along the 5′ flanking DNA of the D. melanogaster UO gene that is capable of conferring a wild-type D. melanogaster pattern of UO regulation on a UO-lacZ fusion gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163853
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Al3+-Ca2+ interactions in aluminum rhizotoxicity (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1993), S. 98-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aluminum toxicity ; Calcium uptake ; Growth inhibition ; Root ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cation Al3+ is toxic to plants at micromolar concentrations and can severely inhibit root growth in solution experiments. Trivalent aluminum hydrolyzes in solution, and, apart from the Al3+ ion, which dominates speciation below pH 5.0, various mononuclear and polynuclear hydroxy-Al species can also occur (Kinraide 1991). Accumulating evidence suggests that Al3+ is the rhizotoxic species under the experimental conditions used in the present study (Kinraide 1991; Kinraide et al. 1992). The inhibition of Ca2+ uptake in roots by Al3+ has been proposed as a possible mechanism for Al3+ toxicity, and in this study the hypothesis was tested directly. Root growth and Ca2+ uptake were measured in 5-d-old seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Thell) during exposure to Al3+ in a low-Ca2+ basal medium, and to Al3+ in the presence of added cations. Uptake of Ca2+ in whole roots and translocation to the shoot were measured using 45Ca2+, and localized measurements of net Ca2+ flux were also made at the root apex using the technique of microelectrode ion-flux estimation. Treatment with 2.64 μM AlCl3 in 226 μM CaCl2, at pH 4.5, severely inhibited root growth without affecting Ca2+ uptake. Addition of 30 mM Na2+, 3 mM Mg2+ or 50 μM tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) to this Al3+ treatment restored root growth but significantly reduced Ca2+ uptake measured over the entire root system and at the root apex. The Al3+ and Ca2+ concentrations were adjusted so that the activities of the Al3+ and Ca2+ ions were constant in all solutions (1.5 μM and 200 μM, respectively). Root growth can be severely inhibited by Al3+ concentrations that do not affect Ca2+ uptake, while the addition of ameliorating cations depresses Ca2+ uptake. These results argue against the hypothesis that Al3+ inhibits root growth by reducing Ca2+ uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198698
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Al3+-Ca2+ interactions in aluminum rhizotoxicity (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1993), S. 104-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aluminum toxicity ; Calcium displacement ; Electrical potential ; Root ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several mineral rhizotoxicities, including those induced by Al3+, H+, and Na+, can be relieved by elevated Ca2+ in the rooting medium. This leads to the hypothesis that the toxic cations displace Ca2+ from transport channels or surface ligands that must be occupied by Ca2+ in order for root elongation to occur. In this study with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings, we have determined, in the case of Al3+, that (i) Ca2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+ are equally ameliorative, (ii) that root elongation does not increase as Ca2+ replaces Mg2+ or Sr2+ in the rooting media, and (iii) that rhizotoxicity is a function solely of Al3+ activity at the root-cell membrane surface as computed by a Gouy-Chapman-Stern model. The rhizotoxicity was indifferent to the computed membrane-surface Ca2+ activity. The rhizotoxicity induced by high levels of tris(ethylenediamine)cobaltic ion (TEC3+), in contrast to Al3+, was specifically relieved by Ca2+ at the membrane surface. The rhizotoxicity induced by H+ exhibited a weak specific response to Ca2+ at the membrane surface. We conclude that the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis fails in the case of Al3+ rhizotoxicity and that amelioration by cations (including monovalent cations) occurs because of decreased membrane-surface negativity and the consequent decrease in the membrane-surface activity of Al3+. However, TEC3+, but not Al3+, may be toxic because it inhibits Ca2+ uptake. The nature of the specific H+-Ca2+ interaction is uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198699
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase I clinical trial of doxorubicin and iproplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 7 (1989), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: doxorubicin ; iproplatin ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer were treated in a disease-specific phase I trial of doxorubicin and iproplatin combination chemotherapy. The doses of doxorubicin ranged between 30 and 50 mg/m2, and the doses of iproplatin ranged between 150 and 250 mg/m2. Myelosuppression was observed at all levels, but was dose-limiting at the highest level. In addition, nausea, diarrhea and malaise were prominent toxicities. Neither cardiac nor renal toxicity was encountered. Nine of 26 (35%) of previously untreated patients, and 5 of 22 (23%) previously treated patients demonstrated partial or complete responses. Although this combination possesses therapeutic activity, given its toxicities, further evaluation of doxorubicin in combination with iproplatin is not recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170856
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical trial of iproplatin (cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-isopropylamine platinum IV, CHIP) in patients with advanced breast cancer (1988)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 6 (1988), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: breast cancer ; Iproplatin ; CHIP ; phase II study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-five women with advanced breast cancer were treated in a phase II trial of iproplatin 275 mg/m2 administered intravenously every 4 weeks. All patients had measurable or evaluable indicator lesions, and had undergone treatment with no more than one previous chemotherapy regimen, including adjuvant chemotherapy. Two of the twenty-four evaluable patients (8%) experienced major therapeutic responses. One patient had a complete regression of pulmonary nodules lasting 18 + months; another had a partial regression of metastatic disease in the liver (4 months). The inevaluable patient was ineligible for the study because of previous radiation to the indicator lesions on her chest wall; nonetheless, she experienced a 10 month partial regression of those nodules. Myelosuppression was generally dose limiting; thrombocytopenia was more profound, but leukopenia was more prolonged. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and general malaise were prominent toxicities, and led to discontinuation of therapy in 4 patients. Iproplatin has limited activity in previously treated women with advanced breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195365
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The faint band/interband region 28C2 to 28C4-5(−) of the Drosophila melanogaster salivary gland polytene chromosomes is rich in transcripts (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 226 (1991), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; Transcription map ; Faint bands ; Interband chromatin ; Polytene chromosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Urate oxidase mRNA and five other transcripts map along 38 kb of DNA in the region 28C on the Drosophila melanogaster second chromosome. Three biotinylated restriction fragments from this 38 kb of DNA, one from each end and one from the middle, were individually hybridized in situ to slightly stretched salivary gland polytene chromosomes. The data from these in situ hybridizations in combination with the transcription map of the 38 kb of DNA indicate that: (i) there are six discrete RNA species encoded along the 38 kb of DNA and (ii) these six transcripts map to the faint band/interband region which includes the proximal edge of 280, the three faint bands, 28C2, 280 and 28C4-5(−), and the adjacent interband chromatin. Our data are consistent with the few published studies directly demonstrating that faint band/interband regions of the Drosophila melanogaster salivary gland polytene chromosomes code for a high density of transcripts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273590
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