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  • Space Radiation  (6)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 19 (1981), S. 1057-1063 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Charge distributions in FeCO for different Fe-C distances and the Fe-C-O angle equal to 180° and 90° have been computed by the BMV method, a semiempirical SCF scheme including overlap and especially suited for transition-metal atoms. A comparison with available EHT and ab initio calculations suggests that the BMV method is a useful complement to ab initio calculations. The information obtained on the dependence of the binding in FeCO on the Fe-C distance is also briefly discussed in connection with the views of experimentalists of the state of CO absorbed on iron.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 1 (1967), S. 657-673 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Les propriétés desymétrie moléculaires permettent de définir des constantes de couplage nucléaires “normales” qui sont caractéristiques de certaines représentatios irréducibles du groupe de symétrie de lamolécule. Les relatioins entre ces constantes de couplage normales et les constantes measurées sont établies explicitement pour les cas les plus usuels. La formule de perturbation de Ramsey est analyséen en éléments de symétrie à l'aide du théorème de Wingner-Eckart. Les deux types de contribution prévus par la méthode des orbitales moléculaires: couplage direct par les électrons σ et couplage indirect par interaction σ-π sont considérés. Un calcul numériques des constantes de couplage dans l'éthane, l'éthylène et l'acétylène n'utilisant pas l'approximation de l'énergie d'excitation moyenne a été effectué à partir de fonctions d'onde SCF—MO non empiriques; le recouvrement des orbitales atomiques a été introduit de façon systématique dans lescalculs.La décomposition en éléments de symétrie est employée pour la comparison des résultats théoriques avec l'expérience.
    Abstract: Es werden “normale” Spin-Spin-Kopplungskonstanten eines Moleküls mitels der irreduziblen Darstellungen seiner Symmetriegruppe definiert.Der Zusammenhang zwischen diesen normalen Kopplungskonstanten und den gemessenen wird für die am häufigsten vorkommenden Fällen in geschlossener Form angegeben. Mit Hilfe des Wigner-Eckart Theorems wird die Störungsformel von Ramsey in Symmetrie-komponenten zerlegt. Die von der Methode der Molekülzustände vorhergesagten beiden Beiträge, nämlich eine direkte Kopplung über die σ-Elektronen und eine indirekte Kopplung durch σ-π-Wechselwirkung, wurden untersucht. Berechnungen der Kopplungskonstanten von Äthan, Äthylen und Acetylen wurden mit den SCF—MO-Funktionen ohne die Näherung der mittleren Anregungsenergie durchgeführt; die Überlappung zwischen den Atom-Orbitalen wurde bei der Berechnung der Kopplungskonstanten explizit berücksichtigt. Die theoretischen und experimentellen Werte wurden nach ihrer Zerlegung in Symmetrykomponenten miteinander verglichen.
    Notes: Molecular symmetry properties are used to define “normal” spin-spin coupling constants corresponding to some irreducible representations of the symmetry point group of the molecule. The relationship between these normal coupling constants and the measured ones is established in closed form for the most common cases. The Ramsey perturbation formula is analysed into symmetry components by means of the Winger-Eckart theorem. Both contributions predicted by the molecular-orbital method, i. e. direct coupling via σ electrons and indirect coupling via σ-π interaction are studied. Numerical calculations for the coupling constants of ethane, ethylene and acetylene were carried out without the mean excitation energy approximation by using SCF—MO wave functions; overlap between atomic orbitals is systematically taken into account by calculating coupling constants. Theoretical and experimental results are compared in terms of symmetry components.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: From a suitable reorganisation of the sum-over-states (SOS) equations of the usual time-independent perturbation theory, recurrent expressions for static polarizability (α) and second- (beta;) and third-(γ) order hyperpolarizabilities are obtained. These expressions are given in a well-adapted way for computer implementation and lead to an efficient algorithm reducing the computing time by a factor of 50 with respect to a “brute-force” translation of the standard SOS equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The ENTICE experiment is one of two instruments that make up the HNX mission. The experimental goal of ENTICE is to measure with high precision the elemental abundances of all nuclei with Z between 10 and 82. This will enable us to determine if the injection mechanism for the cosmic ray accelerator is controlled by FIP or Volatility and to study the mix of nucleosynthetic processes that contribute to the galactic cosmic ray source. The ENTICE experiment utilizes the dE/dx-C method of charge determination and consists of silicon dE/dx detectors, Cherenkov detectors with two different refractive indices, and a fiber hodoscope. We will describe the instrument and its performance based on beam tests of a prototype instrument.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: ICRC 2001 Conference; Aug 07, 2001 - Aug 15, 2001; Hamburg; Germany
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The ECCO (Extremely-heavy Cosmic-ray Composition Observer) instrument is one of two instruments which comprise the HNX (Heavy Nuclei Explorer) mission. The principal goal of ECCO is to measure the age of galactic cosmic ray nuclei using the actinides (Th, U, Pu, Cm) as clocks. As a bonus, ECCO will search with unprecedented sensitivity for long-lived elements in the superheavy island of stability. ECCO is an enormous array (23 sq. m) of BP-1 glass track-etch detectors, and is based on the successful flight heritage of the Trek detector which was deployed externally on Mir. We present a description of the instrument, estimates of expected performance, and recent calibrations which demonstrate that the actinides can be resolved from each other with good charge resolution.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: ICRC 2001 Conference; Aug 07, 2001 - Aug 15, 2001; Hamburg; Germany
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The primary scientific objectives of HNX, which was recently selected by NASA for a Small Explorer (SMEX) Mission Concept Study, are to measure the age of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) since nucleosynthesis, determine the injection mechanism for the GCR accelerator (Volatility or FIP), and study the mix of nucleosynthetic processes that contribute to the source of GCRs. The experimental goal of HNX is to measure the elemental abundances of all individual stable nuclei from neon through the actinides and possibly beyond. HNX is composed of two instruments: ECCO, which measures elemental abundances of nuclei with Z greater than or equal to 72, and ENTICE. which measures elemental abundances of nuclei with Z between 10 and 82. We describe the mission and the science that can be addressed by HNX.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: 27th ICRC 2001 Conference; Aug 07, 2001 - Aug 15, 2001; Hamburg; Germany
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The ENTICE experiment is one of two instruments which make up the HNX mission. The experimental goal of ENTICE is to measure with high precision the elemental abundances of all nuclei with 10〈=Z〈=82. This will enable us to distinguish between possible injection mechanisms for the galactic cosmic ray accelerator such-as those dependent upon volatility or first ionization potential, and to study the mix of nucleosynthetic processes that contribute to the galactic cosmic ray source. The ENTICE experiment utilizes the dE/dx-C method of charge determination and consists of silicon dE/dx detectors, Cherenkov detectors with two different refractive indices, and a scintillating fiber hodoscope. The geometrical factor of the instrument is 8m2.sr. We will present a description of the instrument and its expected performance based on beam tests and a balloon flight of a prototype instrument.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 07, 2001 - Aug 15, 2001; Hamburg; Germany
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The Isotope Magnet Experiment (ISOMAX), a balloon-borne superconducting magnet spectrometer, was designed to measure the isotopic composition of the light isotopes (3 les than or = Z less than or = 8) of cosmic radiation up to 4 GeV/nucleon with a mass resolution of better than 0.25 amu by using the velocity versus rigidity technique. To achieve this stringent mass resolution, ISOMAX was composed of three major detector systems: a magnetic rigidity spectrometer with a precision drift chamber tracker in conjunction with a three-layer time-of-flight system, and two silica-aerogel Cerenkov counters for velocity determination. A special emphasis of the ISOMAX program was the accurate measurement of radioactive Be-10 with respect to its stable neighbor isotope Be-9, which provides important constraints on the age of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. ISOMAX had its first balloon flight on 1998 August 4-5 from Lynn Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Thirteen hours of data were recorded during this flight at a residual atmosphere of less than 5 g/sq cm. The isotopic ratio at the top of the atmosphere for Be-10/Be-9 was measured to be 0.195 +/- 0.036 (statistical) +/- 0.039 (systematic) between 0.26 and 1.03 GeV/nucleon and 0.317 +/- 0.109(statistical) +/- 0.042(systematic) between 1.13 and 2.03 GeV/nucleon. This is the first measurement of its kind above l GeV/nucleon. ISOMAX results tend to be higher than predictions from current propagation models. In addition to the beryllium results, we report the isotopic ratios of neighboring lithium and boron in the energy range of the time-of-flight system (up to approx. 1 GeV/nucleon). The lithium and boron ratios agree well with existing data and model predictions at similar energies.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The Isotope Magnet Experiment (ISOMAX) a balloon-borne superconducting magnet spectrometer was designed to measure the isotopic composition of the light isotopes (3 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 8) of the cosmic radiation up to 4 GeV nucleon (exp -1) with a mass resolution of better than 0.25 amu by using the velocity vs. rigidity technique. To achieve this stringent mass resolution ISOMAX was comprised of three major detector systems, a magnetic rigidity spectrometer with a precision drift chamber tracker in conjunction with a three-layer time-of-flight system and two silica-aerogel Cherenkov counters for the velocity determination. A special emphasis of the ISOMAX program was the accurate measurement of radioactive Be-10 with respect to its stable neighbor isotope Be-9, which provides important constraints on the age of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. ISOMAX had its first balloon flight on August 4-5, 1998, from Lynn Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Thirteen hours of data were recorded during this flight at a residual atmosphere of less than 5 g per square centimeter. The isotopic ratio at the top of the atmosphere for Be-10/Be-9 was measured to be 0.195 plus or minus 0.036 (statistical) plus or minus 0.039 (systematic) between 0.26 - 1.03GeV nucleon (exp -1) and 0.317 plus or minus 0.109 (statistical) plus or minus 0.042 (systematic) between 1.13 - 2.03GeV nucleon(exp -1). This is the first measurement of its kind above 1 GeV nucleon (exp -1). ISOMAX results tend to be higher than predictions from current propagation models.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
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