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  • Chemistry  (248)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (26)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (6)
  • 1995-1999  (104)
  • 1965-1969  (150)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 245-249 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spectroscopic Investigations on the Acidity of O,O′-Dithiophosphoric Acid Esters in Nonpolar Aprotic Solvents
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 81-87 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes, benzoyl peroxide reaction of ; 2-methylene-1,3-oxazolidines, benzoyl peroxide reaction of ; polyacetals ; charge-transfer polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes and 2-methylene-1,3-oxazolidines with benzoyl peroxide (acceptor radical) and with N-ethylmaleimide (acceptor) was investigated. It was shown that benzoyl peroxide adds to monomers 1a and 1b, giving the corresponding linear diester amides 1a and 1b respectively. The oxazolidine 1c adds benzoyl peroxide, without ring opening, by addition to the exomethylene group. Together with N-ethylmaleimide the oxazolidines 1a or 1b produce deep-colored charge transfer complexes, resulting in high molecular poly-N-ethylmaleimides probably via a radical mechanism. The 1,3-dioxolanes 2a and 2b were radically polymerized to produce polyacetals by vinyl polymerization. 2c was polymerized to produce randomly containing acetal units and ester units. The mechanism of polymerization of 2e is complex, affording polymers of nonuniform character. 2-Methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane polymerization leads to polyester as the main structure, and to a lesser degree polyacetal structures. The chemical structures of the polymers were confirmed by NMR spectra and elemental analysis. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polymer membranes ; poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) ; hypochlorite ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sodium hypochlorite solutions are used to treat membranes prepared from a polymeric blend containing poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) to increase their water permeability. Sodium hypochlorite affects the membrane material in such a way that PVP is selectively removed from the membrane matrix. The mechanism of the reaction between hypochlorite and PVP is investigated by several chemical analysis techniques of the reaction products. Strong indications are found that the reaction involves chain scission of PVP according to a radical mechanism. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 553-559 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bestimmung der Spannungstensoren in dünnen, texturierten Kupferschichten mittels Röntgenbeugung bei streifendem EinfallIonenplattierte Kupferschichten wurden mittels Röntgenbeugung hinsichtlich Texturen und Eigenspannungen untersucht. Die vollständigen Orientierungsverteilungsfunktionen wurden bestimmt und scharfe (111)-Fasertexturen gefunden. Die Messung der Dehnungen erfolgte unter streifendem Strahleinfall. Zur Berechnung der Spannungstensoren wurden sowohl texturgewichtete elastische Moduln als auch texturunabhängige elastische Moduln verwendet. Die Bedeutung der Texturmessung für die Spannungstensorbestimmung wird diskutiert. Die gefundenen Spannungen können als thermisch verursacht verstanden werden.
    Notes: Ion-platted thin copper films were examined for residual stresses and texture by X-ray diffraction. The complete orientation distribution functions were determined and sharp (111)-fibre textures were found. The strains were measured by grazing incidence diffraction. The stress tensors were calculated using both texture-weighted elastic compliances and texture-independent X-ray elastic constants. The importance of the texture measurement for the stress tensor determination is discussed. The found stresses can be interpreted as thermally induced.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Characterization of the Fatigue of Cyclically Loaded Welded Joints by X-Ray Diffraction and Micromagnetic TestingThe fatigue behaviour of welded Joints is influenced by the state of the material, its microstructure and residual stresses. By means of the micromagnetic Barkhausen-noise testing method in connection with x-ray diffraction the behaviour of cyclically loaded welded joints of the steel S355 is investigated. Proved by the results of the present investigations, the macro-and micro-residual stresses, micromagnetic and strain characteristic values are strongly connected with each other. Plastic deformations in the HAZ and base material during cyclic loading were identifies by a significant relaxation of the micro-residual stresses and a characteristic change in the micro-residual stresses determined by X-ray profile analysis. Analogous to the growing plastic strain amplitude an advancing damage process in the material is accompained by a significant change in the micromagnetic parameters. As a conclusion the micromagnetic testing method can be suited for the identification of fatigue processes in the material before a final damager of the specimen.
    Notes: Das Ermüdungsverhalten von Schweißnähten wird durch den Werkstoffzustand, die Gefüge-und Mikrostruktur und Eigenspannungen beeinflußt. Mit Hilfe des mikromagnetischen Meßverfahrens in Verbindung mit röntgenographischen Verfahren wurde das Werkstoffverhalten von zyklisch beanspruchten Schweißnähten des Baustahls S355 mit der Absicht einer Restlebensdauervorhersage untersucht. Die Vorliegenden Ergebnisse bestätigen die Auffassung, daß hierbei Makro- und Mikroeigenspannungen, magnetische Kennwerte und Dehnungskennwerte eng miteinander verknüpft sind. Die bei zyklischer Beanspruchung mit hinreichen großen Spannungsamplituden in Naht, WEZ und Grundwerkstoff eintretenden mikostrukturellen Veränderungen kamen einerseits in starken Veränderungen der Makroeigenspannungen zum Ausdruck und in Bereichen stärkerer Plastizierungen auch in Veränderungen der Mikroeigenspannungen, die sich aus der Röntgeninterferenzlinien-Profilanalyse ergaben. Andererseits waren die Mikrostrukturänderungen schon frühzeitig im Verlauf der zyklischen Beanspruchungen anhand z.T. sehr ausgeprägter Veränderungen der mikromagnetischen Kennwerte nachweisbar. Diese Ergebnisse lassen erwarten, daß sich die mit den mikrostrukturellen Werkstoffveränderungen verknüpfte fortschreitende Schädigung bis zur Entstehung von Makrorissen mit Hilfe des mikromagnetischen Meßverfahrens nachweisen läßt und so Aussagen über den Ermüdungszustand schwingbeanspruchter Bauteile möglich werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 825-834 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenlylalanine-pyridine complex ; isotope effect ; x-ray structure ; vibrational spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The x-ray structure of the complex between N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine and pyridine shows that the crystals are held together by short hydrogen bonds between the OH group and the N atom of the pyridine ring [RO(H)· · ·N=2·574(3) Å]. Deuteration of the OH and NH groups results in a small expansion of the unit cell associated with an elongation of the O· · ·N distance [RO(D)· · ·N=2·610(3) Å]. The infrared spectra show very broad stretching protonic bands in the range 2750-600 cm-1. The isotopic ratio ν(OH· · ·H)/ν(OD· · ·N) of nearly unity suggests a double minimum potential with a low barrier for the hydrogen bridge. The Raman and near-infrared spectra are discussed. The perturbation of the fundamental modes and of the overtones of pyridine suggests that the complex is not of the proton transfer type. The broad absorptions of the hydrogen bridge disappear in the near-infrared region. The perturbation of the pyridine overtones is discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 469-478 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal-matrix composites combine the properties of metals with those of ceramic fibres. Pistons of highly stressed Diesel engines are reinforced in their bottom zones by the implantation of a preform of fibres.Investigations concentrate on the nondestructive detection of inclusions and defects of fibre distribution.Due to the very small dimensions of the defects test methods capable of responding sensitively to such small defect dimensions have to be applied.Good prerequisites to solve the task of defect detection are provided in first line by ultrasonic inspection within the high-frequency range in connection with scanning methods. Natural defects up to a size of 120 μm could be detected by ultrasonics. With artificial test defects, the limit was reached at 100 μm.Eddy-current inspection, another test procedure, was applied for the detection of fibreless zones, as there exist differences of conductivity between fibreless and fibre-reinforced zones. The use of scanning methods with special probes allows to depict fibreless zones up to a size of 100 μm on the specimen surface.
    Notes: Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten für faserverstärkte Aluminiumwerkstoffe sind vielgestaltig: Die Anwendung erfolgt vor allem im Motoren, Maschinen- und Fahrzeugbau. Neben der Anwendung in der Feinwerktechnik für Manipulatoren sowie im Maschinenbau für Radial- und Kolbenverdichter besteht eine interessante Applikation bei der Herstellung von Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren. Durch die hohe Verschleiß- und Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit gegenüber unverstärktem Aluminium sowie der Masseeinsparung gegenüber herkömmlichen Kolbenwerkstoffen stellen diese Verbundwerkstoffe vor allem bei der Steigerung der Leistungsfähigkeit eine gute Alternative dar. Die durch den Einsatz von Aluminium-Matrix-Verbundwerkstoffen mögliche größere Brennraummuldenhinter-schneidung ermöglicht eine bessere Verwirbelung bzw. Verbrennung des Kraftstoffgemisches. Dadurch erhöht sich der Wirkungsgrad des Motors, und die Emission von Schadstoffen wird gesenkt.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 680-686 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: 8-aminoquinoline ; x-ray structure ; vibrational spectra ; three-center hydrogen bond ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: -The x-ray structure of 8-aminoquinoline indicates that one of the NH bonds of the NH2 group forms a three-center hydrogen bond, the major component being the intramolecular hydrogen bond and the minor component the intermolecular hydrogen bond. The IR and Raman spectra of 8-aminoquinoline and of its N-deuterated counterpart reflect the non-equivalence of the two NH(D) bonds and the weakness of the hydrogen bridge. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 386-393 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lattice Constant Determination in Cubic Thin Films under Thermal StrainAn X-ray diffraction procedure is presented to determine the lattice constant of a cubic thin film which is thermally strained. The procedure also gives the thermal strain. As application examples, the lattice constants of thin aluminium and copper films deposited by ion-platting are evaluated from grazing incidence diffraction data.
    Notes: Ein Verfahren zur röntgenographischen Bestimmung der Gitterkonstanten einer kubischen dünnen Schicht, die herstellungsbedingt unter thermischer Dehnung steht, wird angegeben. Das Verfahren liefert zudem die wirksame-thermische Dehnung. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden die Gitterkonstanten von ionenplattierten Aluminium- und Kupferschichten aus röntgenographischen Messungen mittels eines Seemann-Bohlin Diffraktometers mit streifendem Strahleinfall ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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