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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Electron transfer reactions ; Radical additions ; 1,3-Asymmetric induction ; Alkenes ; γ-Lactones ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkyl 2-iodoalkanoates 2, and 2-iodoalkanenitriles 15 were added, with copper powder, to the 1-alkenes 1a, e, f, and h, and to the alkenes 1b, c, d, and g with a 1,2-dialkyl substituted double bond, to give, respectively, γ-lactones and 4-iodoalkanenitriles in very good yields. No solvent was used. The reaction is a free radical addition initiated by electron transfer from copper to the activated iodoalkane. Yields were lower using the respective bromo compounds. In situ formation of the iodo compounds, by addition of stoichiometric amounts of sodium iodide to the reaction mixture, gave improved yields. In the case of the methyl bromomalonates 6, the addition of sodium iodide proved to be unnecessary. The diastereoselectivity of the addition reaction by relative 1,3-asymmetric induction was rationalized by consideration of the steric interactions of the substituents in the transition state which is formed in the process of iodine transfer to the chiral adduct radical.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1983 (1983), S. 1345-1353 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Methyl 2,5:3,6-Dianhydro-D-mannofuranosidesMonotosylation of methyl 3,6-anhydro-β-D-glucofuranoside gives as minor reaction product 1 which yields by treatment with sodium ethanolate methyl 2,5 : 3,6-dianhydro-β-D-mannofuranoside (2). The α-anomer 6 is equally prepared from 3 which is obtained by selective monotosylation of methyl 3,6-anhydro-β-L-gulofuranoside. Reaction of methyl 3,6-anhydro-2,5-di-O-tosyl-α-D-glucofuranoside (5) gives only small amounts of 6 accompanied by the monotosylate 4. Mass and NMR spectra (2D-1H and 13C) of the new dianhydrides 2 and 6 are described.
    Notes: Monotosylierung von Methyl-3,6-anhydro-bT-D-glucofuranosid ergibt als Nebenprodukt 1, dessen Behandlung mit Natrium-ethanolat zum Methyl-2,5 : 3,6-dianhydro-β-D-mannofuranosid (2) führt. Das entsprechende α-Anomere 6 kann analog aus 3, dem Produkt der selektiven Monotosylierung des Methyl-3,6-anhydro-β-L-gulofuranosids erhalten werden. Hingegen liefert die Umsetzung des Methyl-3,6-anhydro-2,5-di-O-tosyl-α-D-glucofuranosids (5) nur geringe Mengen 6 neben Monotosylat 4. Die NMR-Spektren (2D-1H und 13C) sowie der massenspektrometrische Zerfall der neuen Dianhydride 2 und 6 werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1993 (1993), S. 645-650 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Friedel-Crafts acylation ; β,γ-Unsaturated keto carboxylic acids and alcohols ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ethylaluminium dichloride induced Friedel-Crafts acylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids, for example 10-undecenoic acid (1a) and oleic acid (5a), and of the respective alcohols 1b and 5b with acyl chlorides and cyclic acyl anhydrides gave the corresponding long-chain β,γ-unsaturated ketones 3, 6/7, 11 and 13/14 with ω-carboxy and ω-hydroxy functions, respectively. The intramolecular cyclization of petroselinic acid chloride (17) yielded (E)-2-dodecylidenecyclohexanone (18). Catalytic hydrogenation gave the respective saturated ketones 4, 8/9, 12, 15/16 and 19.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Perfluoroalkylated carboxylic acids ; Perfluoroalkyl radicals ; Radical additions ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Linear and Branched Perfluoroalkylated Carboxylic Acids by Radical Addition of Perfluoroalkyl Iodides to Unsaturated Fatty AcidsLinear and branched perfluoroalkylated carboxylic acids, i.e. 6a, 11a, 12a, 15a and 16a, are easily available by tin(II) chloride/silver(I) acetate-initiated free radical additions of perfluoroalkyl iodides to unsaturated carboxylic acids 1a-3a followed by tributylstannan reduction of the respective addition products. The unsaturated perfluoroalkylated carboxylic acids 7a can be obtained by regioselective base-catalyzed elimination of HI from the addition products.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,6-Anhydrofuranoses, XV. - Competitive Preparation of 1,6: 2, 5- and 1,6:3,5-Dianhydro-α-L-gulofuranoses, Ring Opening of 1,6:3,5-Dianhydro-α-L-gulofuranose1,6-Anhydro-5-O-tosyl-β-D-mannofuranose (1) shows two hydroxy groups in sterically favourable positions for intramolecular substitution at position 5. In accordance with exspectation, heating of 1 in DMF gives a mixture of the dianhydrides 2a and 3, from which the 1,6: 3,5-dianhydride 2a predominates (ratio 2a:3 as 40:1). Treatment of 2a with HCl in methanol opens both anhydro rings yielding the methyl glycofuranosides 4a and 5a of presumably α-D-manno configuration. The mass spectra of all known isomeric dianhydrohexofuranoses, despite anhydro sugar epoxides, are discussed.
    Notes: 1,6-Anhydro-5-O-tosyl-β-D-mannofuranose (1) trägt zwei Hydroxygruppen in Positionen, die jeweils intramolekulare Substitution der Tosylgruppe erlauben sollten. Die Umsetzung von 1 in DMF bei erhöhter Temperatur führt zu den möglichen Dianhydriden 2a und 3, wobei das 1,6: 3,5-Dianhydrid 2a jedoch weitaus überwiegt (Verhältnis 2a:3 wie 40:1). Durch Umsetzung mit HCl in Methanol werden in 2a beide Anhydroringe geöffnet. Hierbei werden die Methyl-glycofuranoside 4a und 5a mit wahrscheinlich α-D-manno-Konfiguration gebildet. Die Massen-spektren der bekannten isomeren Dianhydrohexofuranosen, soweit es sich nicht um Epoxide handelt, werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1987 (1987), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Some Isomeric Triepoxides of 1,3,5-Hexatriene from HexitolsPayne oxidation of the known (E)-1,2:5,6-dianhydro-hex-3-enitols 4 and 10 with erythro and D-threo configuration yielded the “conjugated” triepoxides 5 and 11, 12, respectively, comprising DL-gluco, D-ido and D-manno configurations. Analogous triple epoxidation of 1,3,5-hexatriene (15) was also studied but gave, despite the isolation of the meso-galacto-triepoxide 17, unsatisfactory results only. The stereochemistry of 11 was proved by X-ray structural analysis thus indirectly also confirming the configuration of 12. Compound 11 adopts in the crystal a crescentshaped conformation with almost gauche arrangement of neighbouring oxygen atoms. CI-mass spectra of the prepared epoxides are interpreted with respect to each other, considering stereochemical aspects.
    Notes: Durch Payne-Oxidation wurden aus den bekannten (E)-1,2:5,6-Dianhydro-hex-3-enitolen 4 und 10 mit erythro- bzw. D-threo-Konfiguration die „konjugierten“ Triepoxide 5 bzw. 11 und 12 mit DL-gluco- bzw. D-ido- und D-manno-Konfiguration dargestellt. Auch die entsprechende dreifache Epoxidierung von 1,3,5-Hexatrien (15) wurde untersucht, lieferte jedoch, abgesehen von der Isolierung des meso-galacto-Triepoxides 17, wenig befriedigende Ergebnisse. Die Konfiguration von 11 und damit indirekt auch von 12 konnte durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestätigt werden. 11 nimmt im Kristall eine halbmondförmige Konformation ein, bei der die benachbarten Sauerstoffatome annähernd gauche zueinander orientiert sind. Die CI-Massenspektren der dargestellten Triepoxide werden vergleichend unter Berücksichtigung stereochemischer Aspekte interpretiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1993 (1993), S. 203-205 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Radicals ; Cyclizations, intramolecular ; Petroselinic acid ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Petroselinic acid was cyclized via methyl 2-iodopetroselinate (1) with tributyltin hydride to give methyl trans- and cis-2-dodecyl-1-cyclopentanecarboxylate (2). The atom-transfer method with hexabutylditin resulted in the formation of bicyclic γ-lactones 4 and methyl trans-2-(1′-iodododecyl)-1-cyclopentanecarboxylate (trans-5). The same products were obtained with the new initiator system SnCl2/AgOAc. This method showed, if compared with the other methods, the shortest reaction time, the highest yield and stereoselectivity combined with a very simple workup procedure and the use of less toxic chemicals.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermal dimerization of methyl acrylate to dimethyl 2-methyleneglutarate was performed in a high pressure-high temperature flow apparatus at temperatures up to 420°C and pressures up to 200 bar. The head to head dimer dimethyl 2-methyl-3-methylenesuccinate was observed, too. Methyl vinyl ketone and acrylonitrile are able to dimerize analogously.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 109 (1997), S. 245-247 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Asymmetrische Synthesen ; Homogene Katalyse ; Radikale ; Zinn ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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