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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 15 (1980), S. 79-101 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Molecules ; Interstellar ; Chemistry ; Isotopes ; Solar system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The study of interstellar molecules broadly includes two areas of interest. One area uses the unique ability of molecules to act as probes of the physical conditions in the cold, dense, visually opaque component of the interstellar medium. The physical properties of this and other components of the interstellar medium are summarized. The other area deals with the chemistry of interstellar molecules, recent aspects of which are emphasized in this review. Gas-phase chemistry, shock chemistry, and grain surface chemistry are discussed in the context of recent observations. No present observations suggest that surface reactions are relevant, but neither can they be ruled out. Ion-molecule reactions are clearly operative, at least for the simpler species. Chemical isotope fractionation is reviewed, andd it is concluded that the complexities of the chemistry allow no cosmological conclusions to be drawn from observations of deuterium in interstellar molecules, while the presence of13C in interstellar molecules permits an estimate of the12C/13C ratio which is consistent with the current concepts of the nucleosynthesis history of the Galaxy. Possible connections between interstellar molecules and the early molecular history of the solar system are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 8 (1962), S. 587-589 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 853-860 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A realistic CSTR model was developed and verified experimentally. The reaction studied was the exothermic, base sodium hydroxide catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The model was used to evaluate the usefulness of the following stability analyses: steady state analysis, local linearization and Liapunov's direct method through Krasovskii's theorem. The effect of control valve hysteresis on the system was also investigated.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 546-548 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 784-789 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analytical approach to mathematical expression of the mechanisms involved in typical slurry grinders is presented. Experimental equipment performance is correlated with developed formulas. Results are expressed in terms of fundamental machine and slurry parameters useful in predicting performance and scale-up.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The response of a packed bed to a sine wave of temperature in a stream of fluid through it will depend upon the amount of dispersion in the resistance to transfer between fluid and solid, and the thermal properties of the soild. A method is presented that allows the effects of these three phenomena on the amplitude and phase angle to be unravelled and hence all their magnitudes to be computed simultaneously. It thus presents a way of determining these three quantities in situations where they were previously obtainable either with great uncertainty or not at all. The method requires measurements of the relative amplitudes and phase angles at three frequencies, and (preferably) at ω → 0 as well, all to be carried out with high accuracy.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The method of computing the numerical values is given. It is illustrated with a simulated example to show the high accuracy that is possible, the unknowns being found to four significant figures. The only quantities required are ones that can be measured accurately: the radius of the spherical packing, its volumetric specific heat, and values of the amplitude attenuation and phase angle lag at a minimum of four finite values of the frequency.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 819-829 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: on-line HPLC ; fed batch ; closed loop control ; Escherichia coli fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article describes a fully automated system for the on-line monitoring and closed-loop control of a fed-batch fermentation of recombinant Escherichia coli, and presents two case studies of its used in limiting production of unwanted byproducts such as acetic in fed-batch fermentations. The system had two components. The first components, on-line monitoring, comprised an aseptic sampling device, a microcentrifuge, and HPLC System. These instruments removed a Sample from a fermentor, spun it at high speed to separate solid and liquid components, and then automatically injected the supernatant onto an HPLC column for analysis. The second component consisted of control algorithms programmed using the LabView visual programming environment in a control computer that was linked via a remote components were linked so that results from the on-line HPLC were captured and used by the control algorithm was designed to demonstrate coarse feedback control to confirm the operability of the controller. The second case study showed how the system could be used in a more sophisticated feedings strategy providing fine control and limiting acetate concentration to a low level throughout the fermentation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: arg-gly-asp ; cellulose ; protein production ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) in extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin mediates cell attachment by interacting with proteins of the integrin family of cell surface receptors. A gene fusion encoding the RGD-containing peptide, fused to the C-terminus of a cellulose-binding domain (CBD/RGD), was expressed in Escherichia coli. Cultures produced up to 50 mg of CBD/RGD per liter, most of which was extracellular. It was purified from the culture supernatant by affinity chromatography on cellulose. CBD/RGD promoted the attachment of green monkey Vero cells to polystyrene and cellulose acetate. Attachment was inhibited by small synthetic peptides containing the RGD sequence. CBD/RGD was as effective as collagen in promoting the attachment of Vero cells to Cellsnow™ microcarriers. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: methanol sensor ; methanol monitoring and control ; methylotrophic yeast fermentation ; Pichia pastoris ; transferrin ; shake-flask cultures ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris can be used to express recombinant genes at high levels under the control of the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter. Accurate regulation of the methanol concentration in P. pastoris cultures is necessary to maintain induction, while preventing accumulation of methanol to cytotoxic levels. We developed an inexpensive methanol sensor that uses a gas-permeable silicone rubber tube immersed in the culture medium and an organic solvent vapor detector. The sensor was used to monitor methanol concentration continuously throughout a fed-batch shake-flask culture of a P. pastoris clone producing the N-lobe of human transferrin. The sensor calibration was stable for the duration of the culture and the output signal accurately reflected the methanol concentration determined off-line by HPLC. A closed-loop control system utilizing this sensor was developed and used to maintain a 0.3% (v/v) methanol concentration in the culture. Use of this system resulted in a fivefold increase in volumetric protein productivity over levels obtained using the conventional fed-batch protocol. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 279-286, 1997.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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