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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative reactivities in vinyl copolymerization (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From data in the literature on relative rates of copolymerization it has been possible to evaluate two constants, Q and e, characteristic of an individual monomer, which appear to account satisfactorily for its behavior in copolymerization. The constant Q describes the “general monomer reactivity” and is apparently related to possibilities for stabilization in a radical adduct. The constant e takes account of polar factors influencing copolymerization.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1996.807
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revised enzyme synthesis rate expression in cybernetic models of bacterial growth (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 41-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A revised enzyme synthesis rate expression for cybernetic models of bacterial growth is presented. The rate expression, which is comprised of inducible and constitutive contributions, provides for a basal enzyme level that is necessary to predict certain types of commonly observed continuous culture transients. The response of a continuous culture to a step change in feed stream composition is simulated using both the old and new formulations, and the ramifications for the “matching-law” formulation are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310107
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of induction temperature on the production of malaria antigens in recombinant E. coli (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 854-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As part of a process development campaign, studies have been conducted to determine the influence of induction temperature on the expression of two different malaria antigens, RN1 and RT2. Single-step temperature inductions, in which growth at 32.0°C is followed by a shift in temperature to a desired setpoint, show that there exists an optimum duration and temperature of induction which is product specific. Between an induction temperature of 39.5 and 44.5°C RN1 yield is constant at ca. 0.20 g/g total soluble protein (TSP). RT2 yield approaches 0.20 g/g TSP only at elevated induction temperatures. The optimum temperature of induction for RN1 production is 39.5°C, whereas, that for RT2 production is 41.0°C. Above the optimum temperature of induction antigen concentration decreases owing to decreases in biomass. Furthermore, the maximum concentration of these two antigens differ by a factor of four. With increasing temperature of induction the extent of proteolysis of the products also appears to increase.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340615
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of pro-urokinase secretion from recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 869-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: scu-PA ; pro-urokinase ; yeast ; respiratory quotient ; fermentation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Secretion of a nonglycosylated form of human pro-urokinase, also known as single-chain urinary plasminogen activator (scu-PA), from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is described. A “supersecreting” yeast strain harboring multiple copies of integrated plasmids was grown batchwise and at constant respiratory quotient (RQ) in 20-L fermenters. Because the promoters used to drive expression of the pro-urokinase genes are not tightly regulated, secretion into the culture supernatant was growth associated. Although the final cell density achieved in the perturbed-batch fermentation (45 g dry wt/L) was less than that observed in the RQ-controlled culture (77 g dry wt/L), the scu-PA titer in the perturbed-batch fermentation (1863 IU/mL) was nearly twice that attained at constant RQ (1108 IU/mL). The effects on cell growth and scu-PA titer of other process variables (pH, temperature, phosphate concentration, and medium composition) are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370911
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Closed-loop control of fed-batch cultures of recombinant Escherichia coli using on-line HPLC (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 819-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: on-line HPLC ; fed batch ; closed loop control ; Escherichia coli fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article describes a fully automated system for the on-line monitoring and closed-loop control of a fed-batch fermentation of recombinant Escherichia coli, and presents two case studies of its used in limiting production of unwanted byproducts such as acetic in fed-batch fermentations. The system had two components. The first components, on-line monitoring, comprised an aseptic sampling device, a microcentrifuge, and HPLC System. These instruments removed a Sample from a fermentor, spun it at high speed to separate solid and liquid components, and then automatically injected the supernatant onto an HPLC column for analysis. The second component consisted of control algorithms programmed using the LabView visual programming environment in a control computer that was linked via a remote components were linked so that results from the on-line HPLC were captured and used by the control algorithm was designed to demonstrate coarse feedback control to confirm the operability of the controller. The second case study showed how the system could be used in a more sophisticated feedings strategy providing fine control and limiting acetate concentration to a low level throughout the fermentation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440707
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of an oligonucleotide-binding fluorescent ligand for application in affinity purification of dsDNA (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: DNA purification ; DNA-binding fluorophore ; Fluorescent ligand ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The fluorescent probe PO-PRO-3 was investigated as a potential ligand for the affinity immobilization and purification of genomic or plasmid DNA fragments. Affinities and mechanisms for PO-PRO-3 binding to superhelical and linearized pUC 18 plasmid DNA were examined through measurement of binding isotherms, continuous-variation analysis, and DNA titrations. In addition, the effects of DNA conformation, protein and RNA contaminants, solvent polarity, and ionic strength are examined with the aim of optimizing binding and elution conditions and of assisgning limits to the range of applicability of the affinity purification. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480106
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring vapor-liquid equilibrium for aqueous-organic systems: Review and a new technique (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 1772-1788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of aqueous-organic mixtures is important in understanding the physical chemistry behind the contamination and remediation of contaminated surface water, ground water and unsaturated soils. The state of the science is assessed, and available VLE and solubility data are reviewed comprehensively for several organic compounds. Benzene, toluene, o-, m-, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), and trichloroethylene (TCE) were included in this study. Correlations are provided for estimation of VLE as a function of temperature. A new VLE apparatus was developed to extend experimental techniques found in the literature. Partitioning data for several aqueous-organic systems were measured. The collected data compared very favorably to data available in the literature. The new procedure is capable of providing high-quality data over a wide range of liquid concentrations and temperatures.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420629
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave drying of softwood in an oversized waveguide: Theory and experiment (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 2579-2595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A comparison between experimental and theoretical results for the combined microwave and convective drying of softwood is presented. The microwave applicator used for the experiments was an oversized waveguide, and the results for both sapwood and heartwood were analyzed. To elucidate on the physics of the process at a fundamental level, a complete model is proposed, which considers the intricate link that transpires between the heat-and mass-transfer phenomena and the power distribution throughout the sample during drying. The resulting model, which uses a comprehensive 2-D set of equations to describe the drying process, together with a complete 3-D solution of the Maxwell equations within the waveguide in the time domain, can be used to investigate many aspects of dielectric drying. This research deals with the spatial variation of the power density within the material at various drying times and the effect of the anisotropy of the transfer properties on the shape and evolution of the power distribution. Most importantly, it focuses on the prediction of the location of hot spots and thermal runaway within the sample from the viewpoint of product quality. Strengths and weaknesses of the model are highlighted.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690431019
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cybernetic modeling of bacterial cultures at low growth rates: Mixed-substrate systems (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 46-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cybernetic model to predict the low-growth-rate behavior of bacteria in mixed-substrate environment is presented. Using only growth and maintenance parameters from single-substrate experiments, the model accurately predicts the simultaneous substrate utilization and maintenance energy effects in constant fed-batch cultures of Klebsiella oxytoca. The robustness of the model was examined more rigorously by perturbing glucose-limited fed-batch cultures with additions of arabinose, xylose, and fructose. In all cases, reasonable agreement of the model prediction with the experimental data was observed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320108
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cybernetic modeling of bacteriol cultures at low growth rates: Single-substrate systems (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 252-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The cybernetic framework developed by Ramkrishna and co-workers has been expanded to include the effects of cellular maintenance energy requirements on biomass levels in slow-growing, carbon-substrate-limited cultures. A simple structured model, based on the existence of distinct key enzymes for growth and maintenance functions, is presented. Comparisons of the model with experimental data for the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca in constant fed-batch culture on glucose, fructose, arabinose, and xylose show good agreement. In addition, perturbed fed-batch culture experiments indicate that slow-growing cultures respond less rapidly to a removal of the growth limitation than do faster-growing ones. The possibility of a growth-rate dependent “critical resource” is discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340214
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