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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1675-1682 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381020
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional filtration on a circular leaf (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 666-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The unconfined growth of a filter cake on a circular filter cloth was theoretically and experimentally studied as the simplest example of a three-dimensional filtration. The results are compared with the one-dimensional cake growth which ensues when the cake is laterally restrained by a cylindrical sleeve.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070427
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically reactive generalized Taylor dispersion phenomena (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 1155-1167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Generalized Taylor dispersion theory for nonreactive solutes (Brenner 1980a; 1982) undergoing convection and diffusion is extended to include irreversible first-order volumetric and surface chemical reactions possessing position-dependent reactivity coefficients at the microscale. For sufficiently long times the equivalent chemical kinetic description of the rate of solute depletion at the macroscale is shown to manifest itself as a single constant reactivity coefficient K̄* characterizing an apparent first-order irreversible volumetric reaction. Subtraction of this gross solute depletion rate from the original microscale transport equation permits the resulting Taylor dispersionlike problem to be resolved by a solution scheme closely paralleling that for the comparable nonreactive case. This allows a straightforward determination of the mean global solute velocity vector Ū* and dispersivity dyadic D̄* appearing in the macroscale convection-diffusion-reaction equation describing the local-space averaged mean transport process. By way of example, these three coefficients are explicitly calculated for reacting and diffusing solute particles sedimenting from a solvent flow occurring between two parallel plates onto the reactive surface of one of these plates.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330710
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamics of particulate motion in sinusoidal pores via a singularity method (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1403-1419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Axisymmetric motions of suspended spheres and dumbbells through sinusoidally corrugated capillaries are considered as an illustrative model of particulate or macromolecular transport in porous media. Numerical simulations are carried out using a least-squares singularity method, which is well suited to simulating creeping flows in the complicated, time-evolving geometries associated with particle motion through nonrectilinear pores. The numerical method is applied to a representative closure problem, whose solution yields effective transport coefficients describing particulate flow in porous media. With reference to polymer-induced mobility control in enhanced oil recovery, a hydrodynamic mechanism of mobility reduction is studied using a rigid dumbbell polymer model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360913
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies of three-dimensional filtration on a circular leaf (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 965-971 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A previous study (3) revealed a discrepancy between the actual shape of a spheroidal filter cake formed on a laterally unconfined circular test leaf, and that predicted from theory. This discrepancy was tentatively attributed to either cake compressibility or filter cloth resistance that was neglected in the mathematical model and not controlled in the original experiments. More extensive and systematic experiments reported in the present paper, employing incompressible cakes and filter media of negligible resistance, display similar behavior. (Cake incompressibility and negligible septum resistance were quantitatively established by conventional one-dimensional experiments.) It is speculated that the observed departure from theory may be due to the inapplicability of Darcy's law, especially in the early stages of cake formation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110606
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscous flow in multiparticle systems: Motion of spheres and a fluid in a cylindrical tube (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 506-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An approximate theory for the behavior of multiparticle systems suspended in a viscous fluid is developed, based on a rigorous treatment for the case of a single sphere occupying any position in a cylindrical tube. The results obtained include estimates of the effect of some of the parameters involved on the particle velocities and spatial distribution of particles in very dilute sedimenting and fluidized beds as well as on the pressure drop resulting from passage of fluid. The conclusions presented are in agreement with such experimental data as are available and suggest a basis for more exact treatment of these systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690030415
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial resistance to interphase mass transfer in quiescent two-phase systems (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 246-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Interfacial resistance to solute mass transfer between two unstirred immiscible fluids is theoretically calculated. Solute molecules are modeled as Brownian particles, bathed by homogeneous fluid continua when wholly immersed in either fluid, or else by heterogeneous fluid continua when instantaneously straddling the interface. These diffusing particles are assumed to be subjected to either repulsive or attractive conservative forces exerted on them by the interface. Additionally, their mobility is supposed affected by proximity to the interface. Circumstances are found to exist under which the interface may offer significant resistance to interphase transport. Surprisingly, conditions also exist in which the interface may actually offer a negative resistance to such solute transfer. In such cases, the presence of the interface enhances the overall interphase mass transfer rate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240213
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langzeit-Korrosionsuntersuchungen an austenitischen Stählen im Hochdruckteil einer Harnstoffanlage (1981)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Longterm corrosion field tests with austenitic steels in the high pressure parts of a urea plantIn view of the conditions encountered in urea manufacture, in particular in the high pressure section the corrosion resistance is investigated using various austenitic steels immersed in reaction mixtures typical of urea manufacture. The specimens were placed in an operating plant; different test durations (total 13 000 hours) enable the time dependence of the attack to be assessed. The steels tested were CrNi steels with nitrogen and 17.45-19.8% Cr and 10.3-12% Ni, CrNiMo steels, some of them with Ti and Cu addition and 17% Cr and 20 and 13.8% Ni, respectively. According to the results the corrosion resistance increases with the chromium level while ferrite in particular with longer test durations has a pronounced negative effect. A suitable screening test for corrosion resistance under the conditions of urea manufacture is testing in boiling nitric acid.
    Notes: Im Hinblick auf die Verhältnisse in Harnstoffanlagen, vor allem für den Hochdruckteil, wird die Beständigkeit verschiedener austenitischer Stäble in den bei der Harnstoffsynthese auftretenden Reaktionsgemischen untersucht. Die Proben wurden dazu in Betriebsanlagen eingelegt, wobei durch unterschiedliche Beanspruchungsdauer (Gesamtdauer 13 000 Stunden) Aussagen über den zeitlichen Verlauf des Angriffs möglich waren. Bei den Stählen handelte es sich um CrNi-Stähle mit Stickstoffzusatz und 17,45 bis 19,8% Chrom sowie 10,3 bis 12% Nickel und um CrNiMo-Stähle, teilweise mit Stickstoffzusatz und 15 bis 19,7% Chrom and 11,2 bis 6,5% Nickel und schließlich um CrNiMo-Stähle mit Ti- und Cu-Zusatz sowie 17% Cr und 20 bzw. 13,8% Nickel. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse nimmt die Korrosionsbeständigkeit mit dem Chromgehalt zu, während Ferrit, besonders bei längerer Versuchsdauer, deutlich negative Wirkungen hat. Als Vorprüfung auf Beständigkeit unter den Bedingungen der Harnstoffherstellung eignet sich die Prüfung in siedender Salpetersäure.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19810320206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in two and three dimensionally growing cultures of Bowes melanoma cells (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 51 (1996), S. 422-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: tissue plasminogen activator ; multicell spheroids ; microcarrier ; Bowes melanoma cells ; cell cycle ; cellular protein ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bowes melanoma cells synthesize more tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in monolayer cultures than in multicell spheroids. Cellular production of tPA in these cells was measured during a cultivation period of 800 h. Without changing the cell culture assay, we were able to obtain monolayers, multilayers, and multicell spheroids (cell aggregates) by stirring microcarrier beads in 500-mL spinner flasks operated at 50 rpm. Thus, the medium conditions in the liquid were similar for cells in monolayers and in multicell spheroids. Probes for measurements of intracellular and extracellular parameters were taken from the same culture at distinct times; therefore, their variations during cultivation can directly be compared. Because cells were cultured in an unregulated (with regard to pH, glucose, etc.) spinner flask, their concentration was kept below 106 cells/mL, thus avoiding too fast and too severe depletion of oxygen and other medium factors. Nevertheless, the tPA productivity decreased from 8 ng/h/106 cells (monolayer) to 4 ng/h/106 cells (multicell spheroids with microcarrier nucleus, 800 μm diameter), matching the decrease of total cellular protein. Due to medium depletion, the cell cycle distribution changed from 45% to 68% G1 cells in a characteristic way during growth of multicell spheroids. This is accompanied by changes in amino acids, glucose, lactate, and pH, which may account for the reduction of tPA productivity. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas treatment in trickle-bed biofilters: Biomass, how much is enough? (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 54 (1997), S. 583-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: trickle-bed biofilter ; mathematical model ; volatile organic compound (VOC) ; waste gas treatment ; biofiltration ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of this article is to define and validate a mathematical model that desribes the physical and biological processes occurring in a trickle-bed air biofilter for waste gas treatment. This model considers a two-phase system, quasi-steady-state processes, uniform bacterial population, and one limiting substrate. The variation of the specific surface area with bacterial growth is included in the model, and its effect on the biofilter performance is analyzed. This analysis leads to the conclusion that excessive accumulation of biomass in the reactor has a negative effect on contaminant removal efficiency. To solve this problem, excess biomass is removed via full media fluidization and backwashing of the biofilter. The backwashing technique is also incorporated in the model as a process variable. Experimental data from the biodegradation of toluene in a pilot system with four packed-bed reactors are used to validate the model. Once the model is calibrated with the estimation of the unknown parameters of the system, it is used to simulate the biofilter performance for different operating conditions. Model predictions are found to be in agreement with experimental data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 583-594, 1997.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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