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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 8 (1962), S. 445-449 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Expressions are derived in which local porosity in a filter cake is determined as a function of the distance through the cake. Under conditions where the superficial flow rate through the cake is constant and the medium pressure can be neglected, local porosity and the hydraulic pressure are functions of the fractional cake distance.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 291-292 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 409-412 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to study effects of wetting on heat transfer in the nucleate boiling regime, stearic acid was boiled in contact with different crystal planes of single crystals of copper. One crystal plane being wetted by the acid more completely than the other, they are called wetted and nonwetted surfaces. In the region of low heat flux, where heat transfer is primarily nonboiling natural convection, the nonwetted crystal required higher values of temperature difference than the wetted crystal for the same flux. At high values of heat flux, though not in the vicinity of the critical temperature difference, the situation was reversed; that is, the nonwetted surface required lower temperature difference than the wetted surface.In the present studies, stearic acid was boiled at about 465°F., corresponding to a pressure of 17 mm. of mercury. Heat flux ranged from 3,450 to 63,300-B.t.u./(hr.)(sq. ft.), and temperature difference between the copper crystal and the stearic acid ranged from 38° to 132°F. The corresponding range of heat transfer coefficient was from 91 to 510 B.t.u./(hr.)(sq. ft.)(°F.).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1341-1348 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An automated distillation sequencing system (DSEQSYS) is presented, which consists of three components: a control program, a fuzzy heuristic synthesis program, and a process simulator. DSEQSYS, when applied to problems previously reported in the literature, overcomes some of the disadvantages of using heuristics or mathematical programming alone. DSEQSYS can address problems involving nonsharp separations, nonideal chemical behavior, and conflicting heuristics. A simple approach for converting the traditional separation heuristics into corresponding fuzzy heuristics is also demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 403-423 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is described for the immobilization on tritylated agarose or Sepharose columns of a wide spectrum of enzymes, including types useful in contemporary biochemistry/molecular biology, many of which have never before been reported as immobilized. The method involves the formation of noncovalent hydrophobic bonds between the enzymes and trityl groups which are attached to the agarose by means of ether bonds. The immobilization of calf intestinal and E. coli alkaline phosphatases to tritylagarose is reported in detail. Their binding strength, binding capacity, and long-term stability (greater than six months) are described as a function of the salt concentration, pH, buffer type, and degree of agarose substitution. Homologies are noted between tritylagarose-bound and membrane-bound phosphatases. This method compares favorably with other methods, covalent or otherwise, reported to date, in terms of the enzyme immobilization yield (ca. 100%), the mildness of conditions, resulting, in most cases, in the retention of a high degree of activity, the ease and speed of the manipulations, and the long-term stability of the immobilized enzyme. Further, it is noted that highly tritylated and crosslinked Sephadex G10 selectively and mildly removes detergents from enzyme solutions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1221-1224 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hochtemperaturkorrosion von Nickel-Chrom Legierungen mit hochtemperaturbeständigen, Sulfide bildenden Zusäitzen in Schwefel/Sauerstoff-Atmosphären -Theoretische BetrachtungenObwohl die in Gasturbinen auftretenden Verbrennungsgase normalerweise stark oxidierend wirken, zeigt die Mikrountersuchung korrodierter Legierungen häufig nicht nur den erwarteten äußeren Oxidzundern und ein gewisses Maß an innerer Oxidation, sondern auch beträchtliche Mengen Sulfidphase(n), insbesondere wenn die Turbine unter marinen Bedingungen betrieben wurde. Es kommt daher in gewissem Umfang zu selektiver Sulfidierung und auch Oxidation. Während die genaue Art und Weise der Ausbreitung einmal vorhandener Korrosionsprodukte noch zweifelhaft ist, kann die spätere Oxidation von Sulfidteilchen ein wesentlicher Faktor sein. Es ist jedoch klar, daß eine notwendige Voraussetzung für die Verringerung dieser komplexen Angriffsform die Ausschaltung bzw. Behinderung der gleichlaufend mit der Oxidation auftretenden Sulfidierung ist. Die Theorie, auf welche sich die Möglichkeit der Entwicklung von sulfidierungsbeständigen Legierungen über den Zusatz von selektiv sulfidierbaren Legierungszusätzen gründet, wird untersucht. Auf dieser Grundlage werden einige Legierungselemente, die sogenannte hitzebeständige Sulfide hohen Schmelzpunktes bilden und bisher weitgehend ignoriert wurden, in die Diskussion eingeführt und als mögliche nützliche Zusätze zur Inhibierung des Angriffs von Nickellegierungen in Schwefel/Sauerstoff-Systemen vorgestellt. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden auch thermodynamische Daten dieser hitzebeständigen Sulfide berechnet.
    Notes: Despite the fact that combustion atmospheres in gas turbines are normally strongly oxidizing, microexamination of corroded alloys often not only reveals an anticipated external oxide scale and a degree of internal oxidation, but also a significant amount of sulphide phase(s), particularly after turbine operation in marine situations. Thus a degree of selective sulphidation as well as oxidation occurs. While the exact method of the further propagation of the corrosion product(s) is subject to doubt, it is possible that subsequent oxidation of these sulphide particles may be a factor. It is clear, however, that a necessary prerequisite for the reduction of this complex form of attack is the elimination of or control oh the sulphidation which occurs concurrently with oxidation. The theory underlying the possible development of sulphidation resistant alloys via. selective sulphidation of specific alloying element additions is reviewed. On this basis a number of alloying elements, which can form so-called refractory sulphides of high melting point, and which hitherto have been largely ignored, are put forward in discussion as being potentially useful as additions to Ni-based alloys for the inhibition of attack in sulphur/oxygen environments. In this assessment thermodynamic data for these refractory sulphides have been calculated and are quoted.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 785-794 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Gasaufkohlung von austenitischen StählenDie vorliegende Arbeit behandelt das Korrosionsverhalten von Werkstoffen in aufkohlenden Medien bei hoher Temperatur: dabei wird zunächst der Stand der Kenntnisse auf diesem Gebiet erörtert. Anschließend werden Ergebnisse mitgeteilt, die mit drei Stählen des Typs 25 Cr 20 Ni in aufkohlenden Gemischen aus Wasserstoff und Methan bei kontrollierter Kohlenstoffaktivität (0,8 bei 825 und 1000°C) erhalten wurden Ebenso werden kinetische Daten für Versuchsdauern bis 1100 Stunden vorgelegt, wobei gezeigt werden kann, daß die Aufkohlung dieser Legierungen zum größten Teil nach kurzzeitiger Einwirkung der Gase bei 1000°C erfolgt. Auch die Bedeutung der Legierungszusammensetzung und der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, besonders bei 825°C, werden gezeigt. Die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen der Oberfläche und des Probenquerschnitts mittels optischen, elektronenoptischen und Durchstrahlungstechniken werden mitgeteilt. Mit Hilfe einer Kern-Mikrosondentechnik war es möglich, Konzentrationsprofile für Kohlenstoff genau zu ermitteln und Diffusionskoeffizienten für die drei Legierungen zu berechnen. Außerdem wurde eine magnetische Technik zur zerstörungsfreien Überwachung der Aufkohlung unterhalb der Oberfläche auf ihre Anwendbarkeit geprüft.
    Notes: The paper is concerned with the corrosion behaviour of materials in high temperature gaseous carburisation environments and initially reviews the current ‘state-of-the-art’ in this field. Results of investigations carried out on three 25 Cr-20 Ni steels exposed to carburising H2-CH4 mixtures with a controlled carbon activity of 0.8 at 825°C and 1000°C are then presented.Kinetic data for exposure periods of up to 1100 hours are given and it is shown that gross carburisation of these alloys has occurred after only short exposures at 1000°C. The importance of alloy composition and surface condition, particularly during exposure at 825°C, is demonstrated.The results of surface and cross-sectional examinations using a range of optical, electron and X-ray techniques are reported. The use of a nuclear microprobe technique has enabled accurate carbon concentration profiles to be established and diffusion coefficients for the three alloys have been determined. In addition, the use of a magnetic technique for the non-destructive monitoring of the extent of sub-surface carburisation has been investigated.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 483-491 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: fusion protein ; protein purification ; affinity chromatography ; cation exchange chromatography ; L-asparagine ; α-human natriuretic peptide ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel fusion protein designed to facilitate protein purification was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified separately by two different chromatography methods. L-Asparaginase from Erwinia chrysanthemi is fused to the N-terminus of a model peptide, α-human atrial natriuretic peptide (α-hANP). L-Asparaginase was chosen because of its selective affinity for L-asparagine and because of its unusually high isoelectric point(8.6). A gene construction without the L-asparaginase native signal sequence caused expression at a level of 8% of total cell protein, while gene construction with the native signal sequence resulted in over five time less expression. The hybrid protein expressed without the signal sequence was purified from clarified cell lysate byeither L-asparagine affinity chromatography or cation exchange chromatography. After digestion of the fusion protein with factor Xa protease, a peptide with a molecular weight corresponding to the theoretical molecular weight of α-hANP was observed by coupled HPLC/mass spectrometry. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
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