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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 3 (1994), S. 209-215 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Diffusion ; Cadmium telluride ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The rates of diffusion of both Ga and Cu in CdTe have been measured over the temperature ranges 350-820 and 200-400°C respectively and the results are compared with the self-diffusion of Cd (350-920°C).In the case of the Cd self-diffusion the Arrhenius graph showed two active diffusion mechanisms, one dominating above 500°C and the other below. It suggested that in the temperature range 500-800°C the main defect responsible for diffusion was Cdi-, with a significant contribution at lower temperatures from the associated defect of the form (CdiVcd)x Below 500°C another mechanism predominated which was possibly due to residual impurities.The results for the diffusions were in close agreement with those obtained by other workers. The Ga diffusions showed a complex behaviour which suggested that two mechanisms were active simultaneously, one independent of Cd partial pressure and the other decreasing with increasing Cd partial pressure.It was concluded that CdTe would be suitable as a diffusion barrier to protect HgxCd1 - xTe devices from Ga contamination from GaAs substrates but would not be efficient at reducing Cu contamination from the substrate in the device.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 5 (1995), S. 157-161 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: CdTe ; iodine doping ; diffusion ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Studies on the diffusion of iodine into CdTe at a temperature of 20°C using four widely differing types of diffusion sources are compared and discussed. The concentration profiles were measured using either a radiotracer sectioning (RTS) technique or secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).The profiles were composed of four parts to which a computer package consisting of the sum of four complementary error functions (erfc) gave accurate fits, providing four empirical values of the diffusivity. The diffusivities for the fastest component in all four cases were in agreement (∼2 × 10-14 cm2 s-1) and were consistent with previously published data. These results indicate that when iodine is diffused from the vapour it is not a suitable long-termstable dopant in devices where sharp junctions are required.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 7 (1997), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: CdTe ; iodine doping ; electrical activity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The electrical activity of iodine in CdTe is discussed when iodine is introduced into the CdTe by diffusion from the vapour phase. It is compared both with the total concentration of iodine in the diffused CdTe slices and with the electrical activity in CdTe slices which have been annealed under Cd- and Te-saturated vapour pressures.Iodine-diffused slices of CdTe were profiled by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to obtain the total iodine concentration and by capacitance-voltage (C-V) techniques to obtain the net concentration of electrically active iodine. After annealing with iodine in the form of Cdl2, the slices were p-type, similar to those obtained when CdTe was annealed in either excess Te or Cd vapour, and they showed no significant increase in electrical activity. If Cd was added to the Cdl2 diffusion source or the CdTe was given a subsequent anneal in cadmium vapour, the slices became n-type. The results indicated that in all cases a neutral layer composed of Cd nIm (m and n are integers) formed on the surface layers, whereas if Cd was involved in the diffusion, some of the iodine existed in an electrically active form deeper into the slice with a maximum concentration of active carriers given by ND - NA ≈ 1017 cm-3. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Beziehung zwischen der Struktur der Übergangsmetall-Allyl-Verbindungen und ihrer Fähigkeit, Äthylen zu polymerisieren, wurde untersucht. Von Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr und V abgeleitete isoleptische Allylverbindungen sind sämtlich aktive Polymerisationskatalysatoren. Die Abwandlung der Allylgruppe durch Substitution mit Methyl erhöht die Aktivität, während ein Phenylsubstituent sie vermindert. Der Austausch von Allylgruppen durch Halogenatome erhöht die Aktivität merklich; der aktivste Katalysator war hier Zr(allyl)Br3. Liganden wie Cyclopentadienyl, CO, OH etc. machen diese Verbindungen als Initiatoren unwirksam. Wichtige Schlußfolgerungen im Bezug auf die strukturellen Bedingungen für eine koordinative anionische Polymerisation dieser Art werden gezogen. Kinetik und Mechanismus der Polymerisation werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The relationship between the structure of transition metal allyl compounds and their ability to polymerise ethylene has been studied. Isoleptic allyl compounds derived from Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Nb, and V are all active as polymerisation catalysts. Substituents in the allyl group such as methyl increase the activity whereas substituents such as phenyl decrease it. Replacement of some of the allyl groups by halogen atoms increase activity markedly, the most active catalyst being Zr(allyl)Br3. Ligands such as cyclopentadienyl, CO, OH, etc., render these compounds inactive in polymerisation.Important conclusions are drawn concerning the structural requirements for coordinated anionic polymerisation of this kind, and kinetics and mechanisms of polymerisation are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 26 (1987), S. 463-480 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Secondary-structure prediction has been used to investigate the conformation of the N- and C-terminal telopeptides for type I and type III collagen. The three predictive methods (Chou and Fasman, Robson and co-workers, Lim) indicate mainly aperiodic conformations. A common structural motif is provided by the positioning of β-turns, particularly in the vicinity of the residue sites involved in intermolecular cross-links. An alternative model to that of Helseth et al [(1979) Biopolymers 18, 3005-3014] for the secondary structure of the N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen is proposed. The general features of these two contrasting structures have been surveyed by model-building techniques employing molecular graphics and energy minimization. The role of the telopeptide component in the structural design of the biomaterial collagen is assessed. Notably, the alternative model clearly serves to demonstrate the compatibility of current cross-linking evidence with the quasi-hexagonal model for the packing of molecules within a collagen fibril.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1046-1051 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A general description of the thermpgravimetric-mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) technique is presented. Advantages and limitations are discussed with respect to other mass-spectral techniques, and a few examples of applications of TG-MS to the study of the thermal degradation of polymers are given.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 7 (1973), S. 185-192 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetic energy released in unimolecular reactions, as measured from the width of the corresponding metastable peak, shows only a small dependence on such parameters as source temperature, ion-source residence time and ion acceleration voltage. Similarly, fragmenting ions generated from different members of an homologous series of molecular ions have been found to release the same kinetic energy and hence do not exhibit a degrees-of-freedom effect analogous to that for metastable abundances. In general, molecular ions formed by electron-impact have been found to release slightly less kinetic energy on fragmentation than the corresponding ions formed via a fragmentation sequence. These observations suggest that kinetic energy release is a useful method of structural characterization of metastable ions; while increase in the average internal energies of the ions sample lead to larger energy releases, this effect is usually small. The use of a very narrow energy resolving (β) slit and a procedure in which the metastable peak width is extrapolated to zero slit width has been found to improve the accuracy of measurement of the kinetic energy release, particularly when the metastable and main beam peak widths are of comparable magnitude.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 226 (1884), S. 287-294 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 75 (1963), S. 1032-1032 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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