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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and Mechanism of the Bulk Thermal Polymerization of (3-Phenoxyphenyl)acetylene (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 12 (1979), S. 895-902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60071a021
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of an Acetylene Terminated Sulfone (ATS) resin (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 36 (1990), S. 2667-2691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter Anwendung eines spezialangefertigten Reaktors modellierten wir die Zersetzung eines acetylenendständigen Sulfonhochleistungsharzes (ATS), genauer gesagt von bis[4-(3-ethinylphenoxy)phenyl]sulfon und seiner höheren Oligomere, unter partiellen anaeroben Bedingungen. Die im Endergebnis des thermischen Abbaues erhaltene Substanz verfügt über eine höhere oxidative Stabilität als die während des thermischen Abbaues vorher erhaltenen Produkte, die im Reaktor mit Sauerstoff sekundäre Produkte wie Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlendioxid und Wasser bilden; somit wird einer direkten Oxidation des Harzes vorgebeugt. Bei Entfernung der flüchtigen Produkte des thermischen Abbaues wird der kohlenstoffreiche Halbkoksrest des thermischen Abbaues direkt zu Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlendioxid und Wasser oxidiert.
    Notes: Abstract Using a custom built reactor, we modelled the decomposition of a high performance Acetylene Terminated Sulfone (ATS) resin, more precisely bis[4-(3-ethynyl phenoxy) phenyl] sulfone and its higher oligomers, under partially anaerobic conditions. The residue of thermal degradation was shown to possess a higher oxidative stability than early products of thermal degradation, which “scavanged” oxygen in the reactor to form secondary products such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water: thus preventing direct oxidation of the resin. On removal of volatile products of thermal degradation, the carbonaceous char residue of thermal degradation is directly oxidized to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01913662
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of an acetylene terminated sulfone (ATS) resin (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 36 (1990), S. 2643-2665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels TG, TVA und SATVA wurde eine Untersuchung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und des Reaktionsmechanismus des Abbaues von Sulfonharz mit endständigem Acetylen (von bis-[4-(3-ethinylphenoxy)phenyl]sulfon und seiner höheren Oligomere) im Hochvakuum bzw. in einer dynamischen Stickstoffatmosphäre durchgeführt. In Verbindung mit quantitativer IR- und NMR-Spektroskopie wurde eine gravimetrische Analyse der Produkte erstellt, um eine quantitative Produktezusammensetzung des Prozesses zu erhalten. Der Sulfonrest konnte somit als schwaches Kettenglied des Systemes erkannt und zwei überlappende Prozesse der thermischen Zersetzung des hauptkettigen Polyphenylethers identifiziert werden: ein Prozess bei niedrigerer Temperatur beinhaltet durch die Sulfonkomponente geförderte Spaltungen und ein zweiter Prozess verursacht bei höherer Temperatur Random-Spaltungen des verbleibenden sulfonfreien Polyphenylethers.
    Notes: Abstract A study of the rates and mechanisms of degradation of an acetylene terminated sulfone resin, more precisely, bis[4-(3-ethynyl phenoxy) phenyl] sulfone and its higher oligomers, under high vacuum conditions, and under a flowing atmosphere of nitrogen, was made using techniques such as programmed thermogravimetry (TG), Thermal Volatilization Analysis (TVA), and Sub Ambient Thermal Volatilization Analysis (SATVA). Gravimetric product analyses made in conjunction with quantitative Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy were used to develop a quantitative product distribution for the process. By so doing, we established the sulfone residue as the thermal weak link in the system, and identified two overlapping processes of backbone polyphenylether thermal decomposition; a low temperature process involving scissions promoted by the sulfone moiety, and a higher temperature process involving more random scissions of residual sulfone free polyphenylethers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01913661
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of polymers. I. Aspects of polytetrafluoroethylene degradation (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 58 (1962), S. 1283-1291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The mechanism of the thermal degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene is investigated. It is shown that the chain transfer reaction should not be ignored and that a reasonable explanation for the observation that monomer is almost the exclusive product of vacuum thermal degradation is the rate of diffusion and volatilization of larger fragments from the polymer. Diffusion of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene through polytetrafluoroethylene was studied. The diffusivities are 72 and 39 × 10-10 cm.2/sec. for C2F4 and C3F6, respectively, at 24°C. An apparatus for measuring the weight and temperature of degrading polymers under vacuum is also described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1205816683
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of acetylene terminated sulfone (ATS) resin. I. Chemical characterization of the resin (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 665-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An acetylene terminated sulfone resin mixture, prepared under contract for the Air Force, was subjected to a fairly extensive compositional analysis. Monomer, dimer, higher oligomers, solvents, and anomalous side products of synthesis were isolated, identified, and quantified using separatory procedures such as column chromatography and thin film flash distillation, in conjunction with techniques of chemical analysis such as infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analysis. By these means we were able to precisely characterize the resin mixture and, by so doing, identify some side products of synthesis; most notably, a class of abnormal coupling product able to chelato palladium (a catalyst used in acetylation of the resin) and, therefore, accelerate subsequent acetylene polymerizations in the resin mixture.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of acetylene terminated sulfone (ATS) resin. II. Thermal analysis of the resin (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 679-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics and thermodynamics of the cure and post-cure reactions of an acetylene terminated sulfone (ATS) resin mixture and pure fractions from that mixture were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal stabilities were measured by programmed thermogravimetry under helium, and oxidative stabilities using isothermal thermogravimetry in air. Microstructural changes accompanying the cure reaction were identified using infrared spectroscopy. Early products of thermal degradation were trapped for identification and quantitative analysis using the technique of sub-ambient thermal volatilization analysis. We found that glass transition temperatures increase with crosslink density in the resin, that oxygen is able to copolymerize or couple with the polyenes to produce peroxides or hydroperoxides (respectively) which subsequently decompose to form terminal alcohols on the polyene, that weight loss in air at 600°F is an oxidative process that is insensitive to resin crosslink density, and that sulfone functionality constitutes the thermal weak link in the ATS resin system.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420313
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting glass transition temperatures of linear polymers, random copolymers, and cured reactive oligomers from chemical structure (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 23 (1985), S. 1165-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A reliable semiempirical method for predicting glass transition tempertures of linear polymers, random copolymers, and selected crosslinked networks from knowledge of only their chemical structure is presented. For cases in which new moieties not in the database are encountered, a scaling technique of similar moiety contributions has proven successful. The basic database was composed of 178 linear homopolymers ranging from aliphatic to aromatic heterocyclic polymers and 12 random copolymers. The crosslinked networks investigated in this study involved only diacetylene end-group reactions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.180230608
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass transition temperature (Tg) determination of partially cured thermosetting systemsPresented in part at the American Chemical Society National Meeting, August 1980. (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 787-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Previous experiments have shown that Tg of a partially cured thermosetting system can be measured with conventional thermal scan methods only if no appreciable additional cure occurred during the scan. For high temperature performance systems, the partially cured Tg is often at a temperature where kinetics rate is very rapid, causing either an observation of a more advanced cured Tg, or only the completely cured system's Tg [Tg (∞)]. Two methods to interpolate the Tg information in spite of additional cure are presented and illustrated with an epoxy resin as a testing material. The Isocure State Curve method is demonstrated with a two-step curing experiment with the Torsion Impregnated Cloth Analysis (TICA) technique, which is a forced torsion measurement on the Rheometrics mechanical spectrometer, with the resin impregnated on a glass cloth specimen. The calibration method is demonstrated by the post cure experiments of TICA, using the time to loss modulus maximum, and the softening parameter R as the calibration parameters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torsion impregnated cloth analysis (TICA): A forced torsion technique to study resins supported by inert substratePart of the results included were presented at the american chemical society national meeting (september 1979). (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 390-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Torsion Impregnated Cloth Analysis (TICA) uses fiber glass cloth as support for polymeric resins and measures the clothresin composite's in-phase and out-of-phase dynamic mechanical responses with a Rheometrics mechanical spectrometer. The TICA thermoscan results of a thermoplastic were compared with that of the neat material. A similar comparison was made between the isothermal curing results of a thermosetting resin and the corresponding parallel plate and TBA measurements. The peaks associated with the vitrification were verified to correspond to those in the glass transition region. Conventional thermoscans of partially cured specimens with known Tg were shown under certain conditions to give erroneous results about the glass transition temperatures. A reduced parameter (T-Tg) was introduced to describe the response of a specimen undergoing additional cure while being subjected to a thermoscan. Examples using this parameter to understand seemingly complex experimental results are given.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210705
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of thermogravimetric-mass spectroscopy analysis for polymer characterization (1988)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1046-1051 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A general description of the thermpgravimetric-mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) technique is presented. Advantages and limitations are discussed with respect to other mass-spectral techniques, and a few examples of applications of TG-MS to the study of the thermal degradation of polymers are given.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760281606
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