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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meandering of water rivulets (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Water rivulets are produced on inclined flat plates made of high-density polyethylene, Mylar, Plexiglas and acetate film. Conditions are obtained for straight rivulets to begin to meander and for measuring rivulets to cease their unsteadiness. These critical conditions are correlated using a one-dimensional theory of high Reynolds number slender rivulets in which pressure gradients generated by curvature, surface tensionand contact-angle hysteresis balance.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300214
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(organo phosphazene) nanoparticles surface modified with poly(ethylene oxide) (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 52 (1996), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: poly(organo phosphazenes) ; nanoparticles ; poly(ethylene oxide) ; biodegradable materials ; surface modification ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of biodegradable derivatives of poly(organo phosphazenes) for the preparation of nanoparticles and their surface modification with the novel poly(ethylene oxide) derivative of poly(organo phosphazene) has been assessed using a range of in vitro characterization methods. The nanoparticles were produced by the precipitation solvent evaporation method from the derivative co-substituted with phenylalanine and glycine ethyl ester side groups. A reduction in particle size to less than 200 nm was achieved by an increase in pH of the preparation medium. The formation (and colloidal stability) of these nanoparticles seems to be controlled by two opposite effects: attractive hydrophobic interactions between phenylalanine ester groups and electrostatic repulsions arising from the carboxyl groups formed due to (partial) hydrolysis of the ester bond(s) at the high pH of the preparation medium. The poly[(glycine ethyl ester)phosphazene] derivative containing 5000-Da poly(ethylene oxide) as 5% of the side groups was used for the surface modification of nanoparticles. Adsorbed onto the particles, the polymer produced a thick coating layer of approximately 35 nm. The coated nanoparticles exhibited reduced surface negative potential and improved colloidal stability toward electrolyte-induced flocculation, relative to the uncoated system. However, the steric stabilization provided was less effective than that of a Poloxamine 908 coating. This difference in effectiveness of the steric stabilization might indicate that, although both the stabilizing polymers possess a 5000-Da poly(ethylene oxide) moiety, there is a difference in the arrangements of these poly(ethylene oxide) chains at the particle surface. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free energy, heat, and entropy changes accompanying the sorption of water vapor by proteinsContribution from the Institute of Polymer Research, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 16-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Recently published measurements of moisture sorption vs. relative humidity for a series of proteins have previously been analyzed in a way which permits calculation of the integral free energy of sorption for any final pressure of water vapor. The present paper is an extension of these calculations to additional proteins from the list reported by Bull; integral and differential free energies and integral and differential heats and entropies of sorption have been calculated as functions of the amounts of water sorbed onsilk, wool, egg albumin (unlyophilized and heat coagulated), salmine, collagen, gelatin and lactoglobulin (crystalline and lyophilized). All calculations are referred to saturated water vapor as the standard state. Some of the proteins show positive net differential entropies of sorption at low vapor pressures. It is postulated that the partial molal entropy of sorption is made up of two terms, a negative entropy of sorption proper and a positive entropy of solution. Partial rearrangements of the protein chains at the beginning of the sorption process would effectively be an incipient solution which would give rise to a positive partial molal entropy of sorption if the second term is greater than the first. This speculation has support in the fact that the differential entropy of salmine, which dissolves at a relative vapor pressure of about 0.7, begins to show positive values at a relative vapor pressure of 0.35.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamping rheology of glass mat reinforced thermoplastic composites (1990)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 11 (1990), S. 368-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Glass mat reinforced thermoplastics (GMTs) offer a useful combination of mechanical properties and formability. In principle, these composites may be based on any thermoplastic matrix. In practice, matrix selection is limited because of its impact on the manufacturing and compression molding processes. In this work an isothermal squeezing flow technique is used to determine the apparent biaxial extensional viscosities of polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polypropylene-based GMTs. Experimental load-deformation data are interpreted by treating the GMTs as viscous, incompressible Newtonian fluids. Two primary effects are observed: (1) the composites appear to strain harden as they are deformed, and (2) GMT apparent biaxial extensional viscosities correlate with the high rate of deformation shear viscosities of the matrices. A mechanism that explains the second result is proposed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110610
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel graft copolymers for in vivo targeting of colloidal carriers (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 1 (1990), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Graft copolymers ; Macromolecular homing devices ; Colloidal drug carriers ; bone marrow targeting ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A series of novel graft (comb) copolymers composed of a hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic side chain grafts are described for the in vivo targeting of colloidal carriers. The new copolymers, when coated on nanometer size particles (nanospheres, nanocapsules), substantially reduce the capture of the particles by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and show potential for targeting to the bone marrow.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1990.220010510
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural evolution of a silicon oxide phase in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer by an in situ sol-gel reaction (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nanocomposites were produced via sol-gel reactions for tetraethylorthosilicate within the cluster morphology of perfluorosulfonic acid films. Small-angle x-ray scattering revealed that the polar/nonpolar nanophase-separated morphological template persists despite invasion by the silicon oxide phase. Scanning electron microscopy (ESEM-EDAX) studies have indicated that the greatest silicon oxide concentration occurs near the surface and decreases to a minimum in the middle. Optical and ESEM micrographs revealed a brittle, surface-attached silica layer at high silicon oxide contents. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550120
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biocompatibility of ceramic implants in soft tissueThis research was sponsored by grants from the Ferro Corporation and The National Science Foundation-Science Development Program Grant No. GU-01145 to The Center for the Study of Materials and the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences Grant No. 2PO1 GM14267-05 to the Engineering Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. S. D. Davis' research was supported by a National Institutes of General Medical Sciences fellowship No. 1FO2 GM44720-01. (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 6 (1972), S. 425-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The degradation and biocompatibility of seveal commercially available glasses, glass-ceramics, and ceramics have been evaluated in soft tissue. Tissue compatibility was investigated by histological and toxicological determinations. Materials degration was evaluated by weight loss and surface replica electron microscopic techniques. High lead and arsenic-selenium-sulfur glasses are found to be unsuitable materials for implantation due to high corrosion and toxicity. Certain borosilicate glasses are also found unacceptable because of severe corrosion. Fused quartz, aluminosilicates, certain borosilicates, alkali resistant glass, soda-lime glass, titania frit, arsenic trisulfide, lithium and magnesium aluminosilicate, glass-ceramics, and calcium-fluorapatite all appear to be well tolerated and seem acceptable for soft tissue implantation on the basis of the present data. Because of the lack of sensitivity of weight change as a parameter to measure low corrosion rates, we have no data on which to estimate the actual corrosion rate. The detailed changes in surface structurte produced during the corrosion process only provide information about the corrosion mechanism and may not be correlated with the corrosion rate. A more sensitive method to study low corrosion rates in glasses may be to use radioactive tracer techniques to measure the loss in radioactivity of glasses when implanted in the peritoneal cavity rather than subcutaneously.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820060509
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition of cationic yttrium on heterogeneous surfacesPaper presented at ECASIA 93, Catania, Sicily, 4-8 October 1993. (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 460-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The cathodic deposition of yttrium on iron and steel surfaces is known to improve the bond strength of joints treated in such a manner. This work explores the effect of large and small heterogeneities on the spatial distribution of the deposited species. Two systems are investigated: 98% iron with micrometre-scale inclusions, and a micro-hardness indentation on gold-coated iron. In the former case yttrium is identified (by XPS and SAM) to have been deposited in two concentration regimes: close to the inclusion (the cathodic area) the concentration is higher than elsewhere, and also contains iron produced by back-deposition. At the identation the iron substrate is exposed at the corners to provide the prerequisite anodic site, cathodic deposition of yttrium is then observed both within the identation and on the undamaged gold surface at a lower concentration. The provision of spatially resolved analytical information by SAM, time-of-flight SIMS and imaging XPS enables the interrelationship of microstructural features and extent of cathodic deposition to be readily appreciated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210625
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  • 9
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    Thermocapillary flows and their stability (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Steady convective flows for geometries of varying complexity are described. This in general involves the solution of nonlinear free boundary problems. The stability of these flows were determined to more complicated (perhaps time dependent) modes of fluid motion. These include shear flow and free surface instability modes, with possible coupling between them. The effect of surface chemical species is described, including impurities which act as surfactants and insoluble oxide films, on the convective patterns and their stability.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Float Zone Workshop; p 49-54
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Thermocapillary Flows and Their Stability: Effects of Surface Layers and Contamination (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The objective is to study quantitatively thermocapillary flows in two-dimensional and axisymmetric geometries in order to learn the impact of such flows on float-zone refining configurations. The work begins with the analytical study of steady flows in slots and zones to obtain predictions of surface curvature, flow and heat transport. It then examines the instability of such flows. Three new instability mechanisms have been identified and the results show that thermocapillary flows of high Prandtl number fluid become convectively unstable while those of low Prandtl number fluid become hydrodynamically unstable. The work includes numerical simulations of steady, high Marangoni number flows in unit aspect ratio boxes and asymptotic solutions in large boxes. Furthermore, the effect of surface contamination on the steady thermocapillary flows was examined. This fundamental study focused on fluid dynamical systems used to understand events in the flow of melts in float-zone geometries both on Earth and in microgravity environments.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA, Washington Microgravity Sci. and Appl. Program Tasks; p 98-99
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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