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  • Chemistry  (10)
  • 33.50.Dq  (2)
  • Glycerol  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 33.50.Dq ; 71.35.+z ; 31.50.+w
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The highly excited state of fullerenes is characterised by a luminescence output which is dependent on the cube of the input intensity. This nonlinear emission is red shifted from the low-level emission and has a long, intensity dependent lifetime. Under similar irradiation conditions, the photoconductive response is seen to increase with the cube of the input intensity and the photocurrent in the highly excited state is observed to be largely independent of temperature, contrasting sharply with the thermally activated behaviour at low excitation densities. The degree of nonlinearity of the observed phenomena exclude an interpretation in terms of intra-molecular processes and the temperature dependence of the photoconductive response is suggestive of a Mott-like transition. The nonlinear behaviour is compared to that of indirect band-gap semiconductors in which the origin of similar nonlinear phenomena in the highly excited state luminescence and photoconductivity are explained in terms of electron-hole droplet formation. The similarities of the behaviours leads to a consideration of exchange and correlation energies in fullerenes, which are calculated according to a phenomenological model. Estimates of the contributions are consistent with a Mott-like transition at high excitation densities and an excess exchange/correlation energy in the highly excited state of ∼150 meV.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 33.50.Dq ; 42.65.Vh ; 42.70.Jk
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Time-resolved photoluminescence studies in powders and single crystals of C60 are reported. The observed emission spectra, resulting from excitation above the HOMO-LUMO transition energy, are consistent with those reported for steady state conditions which may be associated with an intramolecular process and the observed luminescence decay times are of the order of 1 ns. No long lived decay from the triplet is observed at low intensities. A dramatic increase in the lifetime as well as a redshift and broadening of the spectrum is observed at high excitation densities. The luminescence intensity is seen to increase with the cube of the input intensity. The phenomenon is interpreted as an abrupt onset of emission from the highly populated excited state resulting from an interaction of the intramolecular states, a process which is dependent on a critical excited state density. Furthermore, the phenomenon may be photoexcited at photon energies which lie below the HOMO-LUMO transition energy, under which conditions an intensity dependence of the output luminescence on input to the sixth power is observed. Under “off-resonant” conditions the process is interpreted as two-photon assisted nonlinear emission.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 37 (1993), S. 623-626 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Fatty acid methyl esters ; Diesel fuel substitute ; Glycerol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A GC method for the determination of free glycerol in vegetable oil methyl esters used as diesel fuel is described. The sample preparation includes dissolving in dimethylformamide, silylation with bistrimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and separation on a methyl silicone capillary column using either FID or MS detection. The recovery was tested using standard samples containing known amounts of glycerol. The results of the analysis of different samples were compared with those obtained by enzymatic determination. The method described offers a far more sensitive and quick determination of free glycerol compared to other methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 42 (1996), S. 431-434 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Fatty acid methyl esters ; Biodiesel ; Methanol ; Glycerol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The methanol and free glycerol content of vegetable oil methyl esters used as diesel fuel (biodiesel) is very important in describing the quality of this fuel and is therefore limited by specifications. A previously described GLC method for the determination of free glycerol in biodiesel has been further developed and also allows the simultaneous determination of methanol. Sample preparation includes dissolving in dimethylformamide, silylation with bis-trimethylsilyltrifluoracetamide (BSTFA) and separation on a methylsilicone fluid, coated-capillary column using either FID or MS-detection. Ethanol and 1,4-butanediol were used as internal standards. Both detection systems show sufficient sensitivity for concentrations relevant to biodiesel samples. The recovery was tested using a RME-sample containing known amounts of methanol and glycerol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 774-775 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 81 (1998), S. 570-583 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing 7-deaza-2′-deoxy-8-methylguanosine (m8c7Gd; 2b) were prepared. For this purpose, the phosphonate 3a and the phosphoramidite 3b were synthesized and employed in solidphase oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis. The structures and the thermodynamic data of duplex formation of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing 2b were investigated by temperature-dependent CD and UV spectra and compared with those containing 7-deaza-2′-deoxy-7-methylguanosine (m7c7Gd) or 7-deaza-2′-deoxy-guanosine (c7Gd; 2a). In general, compound 2b reduces the duplex stability. In case of the sequence d(m8c7G-C)4 (18), the B → Z transition was facilitated by the incorporation of 2b. Moreover, a single 7-deaza-8-methylguanine residue present in an oligodeoxyribonucleotide tract of guanine residues destabilizes the dG quadruplex significantly. This destabilization is more pronounced than in the case of 7-deazaguanine or 7-deaza-7-methyl-guanine.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 80 (1997), S. 1809-1822 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The phosphoramidites 6b and 9 as well as the phosphonate 6a derived from 7-(hex-1-ynyl)- and 7-[5-(trifluoroacetamido)pent-1-ynyl]-substituted 7-deaza-2′-deoxyguanosines 1 and 10, respectively, were prepared (Scheme 1). They were employed in solid-phase oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis of the alternating octamers d(hxy7c7G-C)4 (12), d(C-hxy7c7G)4 (13), and d(npey 7c7G-C)4 (15) as well as of other oligonucleotides (see 22-25; Table 2; hxy = hex-1-ynyl, npey = 5-aminopent-1-ynyl). The Tm values and the thermodynamic data of duplex formation were determined and correlated with the major-groove modification of the DNA fragments. A hexynyl side chain introduced into the 7-position of a 7-deazaguanine residue (see 1) was found to fit into the major groove without any protrusion. The incorporation of the (5-aminopent-1-ynyl)-modified 7-deaza-2′-deoxyguanosine 2 into single-stranded oligomers of the type 24 and 25 did not lead to change in duplex stability compared to the parent oligonucleotides. The self-complementary oligomer 15 with alternating npey7c7Gd (2) and dC units did not lead to a cooperative melting, either due to orientational disorder or interaction of the 5-aminopent-1-ynyl moiety with a base or with phosphate residues nearby or on the opposite strand.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1987 (1987), S. 889-892 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Syntheses with Nitriles, LXXVII. - Synthesis and Structure Analysis of 4-Amino-5-cyano-1-phenyl-3-pyridazinecarboxylatesReactions of 3-Amino-4,4-dicyano-3-butenoates (2d, e) with various aryl diazonium salts lead to 4-amino-5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-imino-1-phenyl-3-pyridazinecarboxylates 4a-k. In the case of 4a and 4b it is possible to isolate and to characterize the corresponding open-chain intermediates 3a and 3b. Hydrolysis of 4c gives a product, which can be identified by X-ray structure analysis as an inner salt of 4-amino-5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-imino-1-phenyl-3-pyridazinecarboxylic acid (5).
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1983 (1983), S. 1107-1115 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Syntheses with Nitriles, LXVIII. - 4-Dicyanomethylene-1,4-Dihydropyrimidines and Pyrido [4,3-d]pyrimidine-8-carbonitriles from EnaminonitrilesReaction of “dimeric malononitrile” (1a) or 3-amino-2-cyano-crotononitrile (1b) with dimethyl-formamide dimethyl acetal gives the biscondensation products 2. Subsequent treatment of 2a with ammonia and 2b with primary aliphatic amines leads to 4-dicyanomethylene-1,4-dihydropyrimidines 3. There are several possible structures for the reaction products obtained from 2a and primary aliphatic and aromatic amines. The structure of the product from 2a and propylamine is confirmed by X-ray structure analysis as 5,6-dihydro-5-imino-6-propyl-4-(propylamino)pyrido[4,3-d] pyrimidine-8-carbonitrile (4c). Hydrolysis of 4 in acidic medium leads to the 5-oxo derivatives 5.
    Notizen: Reaktion von “dimerem Malononitril” (1a) oder 3-Amino-2-cyancrotonsäurenitril (1b) mit Dimethylformamid-dimethylacetal ergibt die Biskondensationsprodukte 2. Die Umsetzung von 2a mit Ammoniak oder 2b mit primären aliphatischen Aminen führt zu 4-Dicyanmethylen-1,4-dihydropyrimidinen 3. Für die Reaktionsprodukte aus 2a mit primären aliphatischen und aromatischen Aminen sind mehrere isomere Strukturen möglich. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse des Produktes von 2a mit Propylamin sichert die Struktur eines 5,6-Dihydro-5-imino-6-propyl-4-(propylamino)pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-8-carbonitrils (4c). Saure Hydrolyse von 4 liefert die 5-Oxo-Derivate 5.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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