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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some physical organic chemistry of aging processes (1969)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 282-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Work at Stanford Research Institute on the deterioration of polymers is based on the assumption that aging in the light is the most serious problem and that it has at least three components that must be separated if we are to understand the overall process. We have started by measuring the production of free radicals on the polymer when pairs of t-butoxy radicals are generated from thermal decomposition of di-t-butylperoxy oxalate (DBPO) in bulk atactic polypropylene at temperatures approximating service conditions, 35-50°C. Our preliminary experiments have brought out experimental difficulties and have raised more theoretical questions than they have answered. Nevertheless, they show that the efficiency of production of polymer radicals is low and sensitive to the mobilities of the polymer chains. They also suggest that two kinetically different oxidation processes, with different dependencies on rates of initiation and with different susceptibilities to inhibitors, are proceeding simultaneously. The implications of these findings for results of some previous work and for design of improved accelerated tests is considered.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760090408
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of alcohol-isocyanate reactions with metal catalystsFrom a thesis to be submitted by B. Thir to the Graduate School of the University of Detroit in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree in chemistry. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1787-1795 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A study has been conducted of the kinetics of the reactions of primary and secondary alcohols with phenyl isocyanate in the presence of metal catalysts. It has been determined that the type and concentration of metal catalyst, the structure of the alcohols, and the type of solvent play an important role in the reaction rates and ratios of rate constants. Catalysis by lead naphthenate increased the reaction rates of 2-methoxy-l-propanol and 1-methoxy-2-propanol more than 3-methoxy-1-propanol, whereas catalysis by dibutyltin dilaurate enhanced the reaction rates of 3-methoxy-1-propanol more than those of 2-methoxy-1-propanol and of 1-methoxy-2-propanol. Dibutyltin dilaurate has been found to impart a high ratio of Kprimary/Ksecondary, where the primary alcohol was 3-methoxy-1-propanol and the secondary alcohol was 1-methoxy-2-propanol. Determinations of mixtures in toluene solutions containing up to 75%, of 3-methoxy-1-propanol were made with good accuracy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090514
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationships between chemical structure and properties of polyether urethane sealants (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2965-2983 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Stress relaxation and swelling measurements were carried out and the data used for determination of the effective crosslink densities of one- and two-component urethane sealants. These crosslink densities were compared with calculated values. The results were correlated with the structure of the urethane sealants. Two sealant structures were evaluated: one based on mixtures of triol prepolymers and diol adducts, and the other on triol adducts. Both one- and two-component sealants were investigated. The two-component sealants had a tendency to be undercured even when quite effective catalysts were used. The one-component sealants, because of moisture cure and of biuret or allophanate formation, produced in most cases a higher crosslink density than the calculated triol crosslink density. It was also observed that curing efficiencies of the two-component sealants decreased with increasing molecular weight per crosslink. Deviations from these correlations were noted when a short poly(oxypropylene)glycol of 400 molecular weight was used for curing purposes. These anomalies were detected by stress relaxation and by swelling techniques as well as by measurement of torsional modulus. Stress relaxation studies were carried out to determine the influence of temperature, catalysts, and strain on stress decay. The results again indicated that the two-component sealants did not cure completely, and that the type of catalyst had a significant influence on degradation of urethane sealants at elevated temperatures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090904
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Load-compression behavior of flexible foams (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2297-2311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The load-compression behavior of a foam reflects its geometric structure and the physical properties of the matrix polymer. Quantitative relations between these parameters have been established in the present study. Based on both theoretical analyses and experimental data obtained on a flexible polyurethane foam, it is shown that the compressive stress can be factored into the product of two terms: (1) a dimensionless function of the compressive strain, ψ(ε), calculated from experimental load-compression data and reflecting the buckling of the foam matrix; and (2) a factor, εEf, where Ef is the apparent Young's modulus of the foam (which is a function primarily of the modulus of the base polymer E0 and of the volume fraction of polymer, ϕ). Thus the compressive stress behavior of a foamed polymer is determined by E0, ϕ, and the matrix geometry, the latter described by the function ψ(ε). Using these established relations, it now is possible to delineate precisely the structural features a foam must possess - density, cell shape and size distribution, and modulus of the base polymer - to meet a given load-compression specification.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131106
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Submerged acetification of a vinegar base produced from waste pineapple juice (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 9 (1967), S. 171-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Submerged acetification experiments were performed to determine conditions necessary for the production of a satisfactory vinegar from waste pineapple juice using a pure culture inoculum. Vinegars containing up to 7%, by weight of acetic acid could be produced in less than 24 hr. with a conversion efficiency greater than 90% in both laboratory and pilot plant equipment. None of the bacterial nutrients added to the juice improved either the rate of production or the yield of acetic acid. Oxygen transfer during the process is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260090204
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Solubility of endotoxin and stability of its biological activity in organic liquids (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1037-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110525
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on the relationship between specific growth rate and concentration of nitrogen source for heterogeneous microbial populations of sewage origin (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 67-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Batch experiments were run using heterogeneous populations to determine whether a hyperbolic equation of the type suggested by Monod could be used to depict the relation between specific growth rate, μ, and NH3-N concentration when ammonia N was the growth-limiting nutrient. The heterogeneous populations employed were developed from sewage seed grown on glucose at various levels of nitrogen and various dilution rates in completely mixed continuous flow reactors. It was found that the hyperbolic function could be used. Values of μm in the range of 0.4-0.7 hr-1 were observed, and values of Ks, in general, ranged from 1.5 to 4.0 mg/l. Variation in the values of these growth “constants” did not follow any discernible pattern related to past growth history (i.e., COD:N ratio or dilution rate at which the cells were previously grown).
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110106
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of nitrogen levels for heterogeneous populations of sewage origin grown in completely mixed reactors (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 79-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Heterogeneous populations of sewage origin were grown continuously at, dilution rates from 1/12 hr-1 to dilute-out (1/1 hr-1) using glucose (1000 mg/l) as carbon source and three concentrations of NH3-N as the nitrogen source (COD:N = 70:1, 40:1, and 25:1). The effects of nitrogen level and growth rate (dilution rate) on substrate removal, biological solids production, cellular carbohydrate and protein, and NH4+-N in the effluent were examined. It was found that the optimum level of nitrogen supplementation for the synthetic nitrogen-deficient waste employed should not be based solely on the desired effluent quality with respect to COD removal but should include due consideration of reactor detention time (or dilution rate) and the allowable (or desirable) level of nitrogen leakage in the effluent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110107
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of continuous oxidative assimilation and endogenous protein synthesis to the treatment of carbohydrate wastes deficient in nitrogen (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 53-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A synthetic waste (with glucose as carbon source) devoid of a source of nitrogen was purified in a laboratory scale pilot plant by a new modification of the activated sludge process. The process makes use of a separate carbon assimilation (oxidative assimilation) phase and an endogenous phase in which ammonia is added to a portion of the settled sludge and non-nitrogenous products stored in the cells in the assimilation phase are converted to protein. It was found that sludge so treated, when recycled to the assimilation tank, could carry out continuous oxidative assimilation of the waste. Various COD:N ratios were studied. At the highest, 70:1, 90% purificaton efficiency was achieved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110105
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamic characteristics of perforated distillation plates operating at low loads (1966)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 232-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Analysis of the equations describing the instantaneous vapor and liquid flow through the holes of perforated distillation plates at low loads shows that periodic and stable pressure oscillations will always be set up between plates. These oscillations are expected to have amplitudes of the order of 0.1 in. of water and frequencies of a few cycles per second, values which are in accord with observation and which may be used as the basis for a model from which the seal point of the plates may be predicted.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690120206
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