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  • 1
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation and Structure of tert-Butyl(tert-butylamino) [tris(tert-butyloxy)silylthio]-boraneThe smooth addition of the SH bond of (tBuO)3SiSH to the BN bond of tBuB≡NtBu gives the title compound, which crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, with an unexpectedly short BN bond, d(BN) = 137 pm, in a Z configuration.
    Notes: Die SH-Bindung von (tBuO)3SiSH addiert sich glatt an die BN-Bindung von tBuB≡NtBu unter Bildung der Titelverbindung. Diese kristallisiert triklin, Raumgruppe P1, mit einer unerwartet kurzen, Z-konfigurierten BN-Bindung, d(BN) = 137 pm.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1581-1581 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1780-1793 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The modification and principle of a novel heat flux calorimeter for the in situ, on-line measurement of the heat generated during microbial growth is described. Data concerning the physical characterization of the calorimeter as a fermentor, including stability and sensitivity of the heat signal, are presented. The calorimeter has been successfully applied to the study of the aerobic batch culture of Escherichia coli W on glucose under carbon and nitrogen limitation. A direct correlation between growth and heat evolution was obtained. Quantitative analysis of the data suggests that the new calorimetric technique could be used for monitoring growth and specific metabolic events, for convenient medium optimization, and as a basis for a novel fermentation process control system.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 650-660 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A modified bench scale calorimeter has been employed to determine the heat generated by various microbial strains growing on a range of different substrates, covering degrees of reduction from 3 to 6.13. The results are analyzed, and interpreted in the light of coupled enthalpy and elemental balances. The heat released by the microbial cultures has been found to correlate linearly with other process variables, such as biomass generation and oxygen uptake. The ratio between the heat generated and the biomass formed, the so-called “heat yield” (YQ/x), has been shown both on theoretical and experimental grounds to increase with increasing degree of reduction of the substrate and to decrease with increasing biomass yield. The two effects could be combined into a simple model which permits the amount of heat released per unit of biomass formed to be predicted from the degree of reduction of the substrate as the only independent variable. The ratio between the heat generated and the oxygen taken up was constant at 440 kJ (mol O2)-1 throughout all experiments as expected from theoretical considerations for strongly aerobic processes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition von Singulettsauerstoff und 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion mit 7-substituierten 1,3,5-CyclooctatrienenDie Cycloadditionen von 7-substituierten (X; Y) 1,3,5-Cyclooctatrienen 3 (N3; H), 4 (OAc; H), 5 (OEt; OEt), 6 (Me; H) und 7 (iPr; H) mit Singulettsauerstoff (1O2) und 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion (PTAD) wurden untersucht. Singulettsauerstoff reagierte mit diesen Cyclooctatrienen aus dem bicyclischen Valenzisomeren (Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4-dien) heraus zu den entsprechenden tricyclischen Endoperoxiden. Bicyclische Endoperoxide, ausgehend von monocyclischen Valenzisomeren (1,3,5-Cyclooctatrien), wurden lediglich bei den alkylsubstituierten Derivaten 6 (Me; H) und 7 (iPr; H) erhalten. Die Cyclcoaddition mit PTAD führte zu den bicyclischen und tricyclischen Urazolen, mit Ausnahme des Acetals 5 (OEt; OEt), welches nur das tricyclische Produkt gab. Das Bromderivat 2 reagierte weder mit 1O2 noch mit PTAD. Kontrollexperimente mit der Stammverbindung zeigten, daß die Cycloadditionsprodukte entsprechend den mono- und bicyclischen Valenzisomerenanteilen des Eduktgemisches erhalten wurden.
    Notes: The cycloaddition of the 7-substituted (X; Y) 1,3,5-cyclooctatrienes 3 (N3; H), 4 (OAc; H), 5 (OEt; OEt), 6 (Me; H), and 7 (iPr; H) with singlet oxygen (1O2) and 4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione (PTAD) was investigated. Singlet oxygen gave with all cyclooctatrienes the corresponding tricyclic endoperoxides derived from the bicyclic valence isomers (bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4-dienes). The corresponding bicyclic endoperoxides derived from the monocyclic valence isomers (1,3,5-cyclooctatriene) were only obtained for the alkyl-substituted derivatives 6 (Me; H) and 7 (iPr; H). PTAD cycloaddition led to both the bicyclic and tricyclic urazoles, except with the acetal 5 which gave only tricyclic product. The bromo derivative 2 did not react with 1O2 nor PTAD. Control experiments with the parent cyclooctatriene showed that the cycloaddition products were derived from the “static” amounts of the monocyclic and bicyclic valence isomers in the substrate mixture.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Multi Electron Ligands, XIII. Synthesis of Transition Metal Ligands with Terminal Indene Residues Starting from Spiro[cyclopropane-1,1′-indene]Spiro[cyclopropane-1,1′-indene] is well accessible in ca. 60% yield by reaction of indene with sodium amide and 1,2-dibromoethane. The suitability of 3 as building block for the synthesis of multi electron ligands is demonstrated by one-pot preparations of 12 ligands (4b, 4c, 5, 6, 7, 9a/b, 10, 11b, 12, 13a, 13b, 14) which can offer to a transition metal atom 7, 9, or 12 electrons, respectively, if the indenyl group acts as 5e-donor.
    Notes: Spiro[cyclopropan-1,1′-inden] (3) ist durch Umsetzung von Inden mit Natriumamid und 1,2-Dibromethan in ca. 60proz. Ausbeute bequem zugänglich. Die gute Eignung von 3 als Baustein für die Synthese von Vielelektronenliganden für Übergangsmetalle wird durch Eintopfsynthesen von 12 Liganden (4b, 4c, 5, 6, 7, 9a/b, 10, 11b, 12, 13a, 13b, 14) demonstriert, die einem Übergangsmetallatom 7, 9 oder 12 Elektronen zur Verfügung stellen können, wenn die Indenylgruppe als 5e-Donor fungiert.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 2118-2126 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Molekulare und elektronische Struktur von DipiperidinoquadratainDipiperidinoquadratain (9) kristallisiert im orthorhombischen Gitter, Raumgruppe Pnab, mit 4 Molekülen in einer Elementarzelle mit den Abmessungen a = 7.1798(9), b = 9.5362(8) und c = 18.788(2) Å. Das Molekül liegt auf einem Symmetriezentrum, d.h. der Vierring (C — C = 1.456(1) Å) ist genau planar; die Stickstoff- und Sauerstoffatome sind fast mit dem Ring coplanar, mit C — O = 1.2396(7) und C — N = 1.3112(7) Å. Sowohl die experimentellen als auch die theoretischen Daten zeigen beachtliche C — N- und C — O-π-Bindungen, aber nur eine geringfügige C — C-π-Bindung im Quadratainsystem. Die Berechnungen ergeben starke 1,3-abstoßende Wechselwirkungen im Vierring. Ringfaltung, ein sonst üblicher Mechanismus bei der Vermeidung solcher Abstoßungen, wird hier durch die starke C — N-π-Bindung verhindert.
    Notes: Dipiperidinosquaraine (9) crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pnab, with four molecules in a cell of dimensions a = 7.1798(9), b = 9.5362(8), and c = 18.788(2) Å. The molecule is located over a center of symmetry, so the four-membered ring (C - C = 1.456(1) Å av) is exactly planar; the nitrogen and oxygen atoms are nearly coplanar with the ring, with C — O = 1.2396(7) and C — N = 1.3112(7) Å. Both experimental and theoretical evidence indicates the presence of considerable C — N and C — O π-bonding, but only a small amount of C — C π-bonding in the squaraine system. The calculations indicate the presence of strong 1,3-repulsive interactions within the four-membered ring. Ring puckering, which is a common mechanism to alleviate these repulsions, is prevented here by the extensive C — N π-bonding.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses with Alkenediazonium Salts, V. Synthesis and Structure of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles, 6H-1,3,4-Oxadiazines, and 5,6-Dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazinesDepending on the substituents R1 and R2 the reaction of alkenediazonium salts 1 with carboxylic hydrazides 2 leads to 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 6, 6H-1,3,4-oxadiazines 7, and 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazines 8, respectively. The structures of 6b, 7Be, and 8b were established by X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Alkendiazoniumsalzen 1 mit Carbonsäurehydraziden 2 führt in Abhängigkeit von den Substituenten R1 und R2 zu 1,3,4-Oxadiazolen 6, 6H-1,3,4-Oxadiazinen 7 bzw. zu 5,6-Dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazinen 8. Zur Sicherung der Konstitution von 6b, 7Be und 8b wurden Röntgenstrukturanalysen durchgeführt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of Cumulenes by Lithium Metal Addition to 1,3-Diynes. X-Ray Structure of [3,6-Di(lithio-THF)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-3,4,5-octatriene]2, a 1,4-Dilithiobutariene DimerAddition of lithium metal to 2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-3,5-octadiyne (9) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) gave 3,6-dilithio-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-3,4,5-octatriene (10), as a crystalline bis-THF adduct. X-ray analysis revealed the dilithiobutatriene 10 to have a dimeric cis-structure with two different kinds of lithium atoms and a true butatriene geometry (19). Model MNDO calculations (both with and without solvation) agree remarkably well with experiment and help reveal why the observed structure is preferred over alternative geometrical arrangements.
    Notes: Durch Addition von Lithium an 2,2,7,7-Tetramethyl-3,5-octadiin (9) in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) wurde 3,6-Dilithio-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-3,4,5-octatrien (10) als Bis-THF-Addukt kristallin erhalten. Das Dilithiobutatrien 10 erwies sich bei der Röntgenstrukturanalyse als Dimeres des cis-Isomeren mit zwei unterschiedlichen Sorten von Lithiumatomen und echter Butatriengeometrie (19). MNDO-Berechungen an Modellen ohne und mit Solvensmolekülen zeigen eine bemerkenswerte Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment und geben Aufschluß darüber, warum die beobachtete Struktur vor anderen Geometriealternativen bevorzugt ist.
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