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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density functional theory of polymer-polymer phase separation behavior (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 2307-2317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polymer blends ; Flory-Huggins theory ; density functional theory ; PRISM theory ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyatomic density functional theory is applied to a binary polymer blend. The polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) liquid state theory provides the homogeneous state correlation functions necessary for the application of density functional theory. An effective chi parameter can be recognized from the density functional expression; however, the phase separation criteria does not depend solely upon the chi parameter, rather it depends upon various combinations of the species-dependent direct correlation functions of the blend. The Flory-Huggins chi parameter along with the associated phase diagram is obtained when the monomer volumes of the blend species are equal and for a range of monomer-monomer attractive interactions. Calculations are performed both with and without the assumption of incompressibility. The density functional theory along with the PRISM determined “input” predict that an isotopic polymer blend shows an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phenomena. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090331702
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is interfacial silicon carbide necessary for the epitaxy of diamond on (100) silicon?The authors are pleased to thank EPSRC for financial support and Burleigh Instruments for obtaining the AFM image. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Vapor Deposition 3 (1997), S. 30-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-1907
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.19970030104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free radical polymerisation studies of 4-substituted styrenesPart 1: cf. ref.23, 2. Termination and chain transfer in the polymerisation of styrene, 4-methoxystyrene and 4-methylstyreneSubmitted by A. J. Ludlow as part of a Ph.D. Thesis (South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA), 1995. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 3931-3952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The bulk polymerisation of styrene, 4-methoxystyrene and 4-methylstyrene was investigated at 60°C using 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. Initial rates (Ri0) and efficiencies (f) of initiation were calculated from the radioactive content of the polymer obtained by labelling the initiator as either [methyl-14C4]AIBN or [cyano-14C2]AIBN. Rates of polymerisation determined gravimetrically are in good agreement with rates determined by the dilatometer technique. An empirical linear relationship between the number of initiator fragments and the degree of monomer conversion was noted. Factors affecting the termination of polymer radicals are discussed and compared with other published work. The polymerisation reaction is terminated predominantly by combination in the case of all three monomers, and chain transfer constants to initiator and to monomer are of the order of 10-3 and 10-5, respectively.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021981213
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free radical polymerisation studies of 4-substituted styrenesSubmitted by A. J. Ludlow as part of a Ph. D. Thesis (South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA), 1995., 1. The reactions of 2-cyano-2-propyl radicals with styrene, 4-methoxystyrene and 4-methylstyrene (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 1579-1595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Only a limited amount of work has been previously published concerning the free radical polymerisation of 4-methoxystyrene and 4-methylstyrene initiated by 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile (2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropiononitrile)) (AIBN). The present investigation was, therefore, undertaken to establish whether the substituents have a considerable affect on the reaction of 2-cyano-2-propyl radicals at 60°C, relative to styrene. Rates of polymerisation were determined gravimetrically and rates of initiation were calculated from the radioactivity of the polymer, obtained by labelling AIBN with carbon-14. Number average molecular weights (Mn) were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The order of reaction with respect to initiator concentration was found to be 0.50 for styrene and 0.48 for both 4-methoxystyrene and 4-methylstyrene, which was attributed to their susceptibility to primary radical termination. Polystyryl radicals were also found to undergo primary radical termination and values for the constant {kprt/(ki·kp)} were determined as 1.37 × 104 mol · s · dm-3 for styrene, 1.47 × 104 mol · s · dm-3 for 4-methoxystyrene and 1.30 × 104 mol · s · dm-3 for 4-methylstyrene. The rate of initiation for 4-methoxystyrene is greater than for styrene, which in turn is greater than for 4-methylstyrene.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021980520
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation entropy of the H2 molecule (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 61 (1997), S. 935-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Correlation of a quantum many-body state makes the one-particle density matrix nonidempotent. Therefore, the Shannon entropy of the natural occupation numbers measures the correlation strength on the one-particle level. Here, it is shown how this general idea of a correlation entropy must be adapted for two-electron systems in view of conservation laws which mix Slater determinants even in the noninteracting limit. Results are presented for the correlation entropy s of H2 as a function of the nucleus-nucleus separation R. In the ground state, the entropy of the spatial factor of the wave function maximizes 1.7 bohr beyond the Coulson-Fischer separation. The role of the correlation entropy in density functional theory is also discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A protein expression database for the molecular pharmacology of cancer (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 647-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Protein database ; Cancer ; Pharmacology ; Chemosensitivity ; Cell culture ; Cell line ; Drug ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the last six years, the Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) of the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) has screened over 60 000 chemical compounds and a larger number of natural product extracts for their ability to inhibit growth of 60 different cancer cell lines representing different organs of origin. Whereas inhibition of the growth of one cancer cell type gives no information on drug specificity, the relative growth inhibitory activities against 60 different cells constitute patterns that encode detailed information on mechanisms of action and resistance (as reviewed in Boyd and Paull, Drug Devel. Res. 1995, 34, 19-109 and Weinstein et al., Science 1997, 275, 343-349). In order to correlate the patterns of activity with properties of the cells, we and other laboratories are characterizing the cells with respect to a large number of factors at the DNA, mRNA, and protein levels. As part of that effort, we have developed a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) protein expression database covering all 60 cell types (Buolamwini et al., submitted). Here we present analyses of the correlations among protein spots (i) in terms of their patterns of expression and (ii) in terms of their apparent relationships to the pharmacology of a set of 3989 screened compounds. The correlations tend to be stronger for the latter than for the former, suggesting that the spots have more robust signatures in terms of the pharmacology than in terms of expression levels. Links to pertinent databases and tools of analysis will be updated progressively at http://www.nci.nih.gov/intra/lmp/jnwbio.htm and http://epnwsl.ncifcrf.gov:2345/dis3d/dtp.html.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180351
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of temperature and time-dependent network formation in commercial epoxy resins using modified imidazole curing agents (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 41 (1996), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: epoxy resins ; imidazoles ; copper (II) complexes ; curing agents ; dynamic viscometry ; gel permeation chromatography ; high performance liquid chromatography ; 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two commercial epoxy resins, MY750 and MY720, were cured over a range of cure temperatures with a series of novel curing agents based on modified imidazoles. A combination of techniques, including dynamic viscometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, high performance and gel permeation chromatography, were used to analyse the reaction mixture. It appears that for a given formulation and given resin, the viscosity behaviour near gelation is different for different cure temperatures and the mechanism appears to be dependent not only on the nature of the imidazole curing agent, but also on the cure temperature. Higher temperature cure appears to lead to the formation of a less ‘homogeneous’ reaction mixture at the gel point, containing oligomeric chain lengths of higher polydispersity, whereas in the lower temperature cure, oligomers of a smaller range of chain lengths are present.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamides incorporating phosphine oxide groups. II. Aromatic polymers containing sulfone functionality (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 493-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: phosphine oxide ; diarylsulfone ; polyamide ; polycondensation ; thermal properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four novel polyamides have been prepared in high yields by the polycondensation reactions of bis(3-carboxyphenyl)- and bis(4-carboxyphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide with 3,3′- and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone. The thermal properties of these materials were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the presence of both phosphine oxide and sulfonyl groups within the polymer backbone brought about remarkable modifications in the thermal behavior. Glass transition temperatures 40-50°C lower than those of conventional polyamides i.e., in the range 170-200°C, were recorded. However, we observed greater thermooxidative stability (5% weight loss at 〉410°C) and high char yield upon prolonged heating at 800°C (20-34%). Also, good solubility in polar aprotic solvents was observed for all polyamides together with some solubility in aqueous solvent mixtures, e.g. tetrahydrofuran/water (95:5). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamides incorporating phosphine oxide groups. I. Wholly aromatic polymers (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1561-1566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: phosphine oxide ; polyamide ; polycondensation ; thermal properties ; fire-retardant materials ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Five novel polyamides incorporating phosphine oxide groups have been synthesized by the condensation reaction of bis(4-carboxyphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide with a series of aromatic diamines. The thermal properties of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Glass transition temperatures in the 225-254°C range were recorded, together with good thermooxidative stability (5% weight loss occurring at 〉420°C) and high char yield upon prolonged heating at 650-800°C (24-50%). Also, good solubility in aprotic polar solvents was observed for all polyamides synthesized. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamides incorporating phosphine oxide groups. III. Polymerisation of bis[4-(2-aminoethyl)aminophenyl]-phenylphosphine oxide with dicarboxylic acids (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2865-2870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: phosphine oxide ; aromatic-aliphatic polyamides ; polycondensation ; thermal properties ; fire retardant materials ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new polymerisation monomer bis[4-(2-aminoethyl)aminophenyl]-phenylphosphine oxide (p-BAPPO) was prepared in good yield by the nucleophilic substitution reaction between bis(4-fluorophenyl)phenylphosphine oxide and a large excess of 1,2-diaminoethane. Five novel polyamides, incorporating phosphine oxide groups within the polymer backbone were synthesised by the condensation reaction of p-BAPPO with a series of aromatic and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. The thermal properties of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Glass transition temperatures in the 180-215°C range were recorded. Although we observed their thermooxidative stabilities (5% weight loss 〉 345°C) to be lower by 40-70°C than those previously found for wholly aromatic polyamides with phosphine oxide groups within the parent chain, char yields upon prolonged heating at 650°C were still excellent (26-38%). Also, good solubility in aprotic polar solvents was observed for all polyamides synthesised. The new polyamides clearly represent significant progress in the quest for processible fire retardant materials. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2865-2870, 1997
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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