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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 393-395 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 89-98 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The occurrence of instabilities in chemically reacting systems, resulting in unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous reaction rates, is a widespread phenomenon. In this article, we use nonlinear signal processing techniques to extract a simple, but accurate, dynamic model from experimental data of a system with spatiotemporal variations. The approach consists of a combination of two steps. The proper orthogonal decomposition [POD or Karhunen-Loève (KL) expansion] allows us to determine active degrees of freedom (important spatial structures) of the system. Projection onto these “modes” reduces the data to a small number of time series. Processing these time series through an artificial neural network (ANN) results in a low-dimensional, nonlinear dynamic model with almost quantitative predictive capabilities.This approach is demonstrated using spatiotemporal data from CO oxidation on a Pt (110) crystal surface. In this special case, the dynamics of the two-dimensional reaction profile can be successfully described by four modes; the ANN-based model not only correctly predicts the spatiotemporal short-term behavior, but also accurately captures the long-term dynamics (the attractor). While this approach does not substitute for fundamental modeling, it provides a systematic framework for processing experimental data from a wide variety of spatiotemporally varying reaction engineering processes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1794-1803 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Time-dependent viscous flows driven by capillarity act to minimize the surface area of a fluid bounded in a plane geometry with initial gradients in surface curvature. These free-surface flows are solved by a finite-element model applied to describe the viscous sintering of two-dimensional ceramic particles. The numerical model is validated by comparison to the analytical solution obtained by Hopper (1990) for the coalescence of two infinite cylinders of equal cross section and is applied to several other geometries pertinent to the study of particle sintering for which analytical results are not available. Details of the flow fields and morphological evolution lend insight to the physical behavior of these systems and provide a basis for the more complete understanding of viscous sintering phenomena.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 6 (1987), S. 129-141 
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An ammonia tank foundation suffered structural damage and was replaced. While foundation damage, soil freezing and tank movement were apparent, the failure-triggering event remains inconclusive though theorized to have been of seismic origin.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 7 (1985), S. 74-76 
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 1844-1852 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Membrane distillation is a membrane process in which two liquid phases at different temperatures are separated by a microporous hydrophobic membrane. The membrane plays the role of physical support for the vapor-liquid interface. Pure water transport through PTFE and PVDF flat membranes was studied, as well as the dependence of the phenomena on average temperature and recirculation rate at membrane sides. The influence of these operating conditions on mass transfer is also discussed, taking into account mass and heat transfer within the membrane and adjoining liquid phases. The concept of temperature polarization introduced into the transport equations shows its importance in experimental results.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 681-692 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence on drying selectivity of the continuous-contact mode between a solid wetted with ternary mixtures and a gas stream was theoretically studied. The liquid mixtures, ethanol-isopropanol-water and water-ethanol-acetone, were used. A mathematical model describing a gas-phase-controlled process was developed, and the influence of the process variables was studied by simulations. In addition to the inlet composition of the moisture and temperature of the solid, gas composition has the most important effect on selectivity. Small changes of gas composition, either imposed or spontaneous, may modify completely the process trajectory. The extent of these effects depends on the ratio between the flow rates of inlet gas and liquid contained in the solid. Because of their effects on the evolution of temperature and composition, the operating pressure and energy sources other than convection are also useful in controlling the selectivity. Since all these variables determine the composition of the remaining liquid and thereby product quality, their influence should be predictable. The model may be a valuable tool for exploring the process, provided that drying is gas-phase-controlled.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 14 (1995), S. 79-86 
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reactive monomers are a special class of materials used widely in the chemical industry in the production of polymers. Many of these materials are thermally unstable and may polymerize during handling and storage with a release of significant amounts of energy. If this energy is not controlled properly, it can lead to a runaway reaction. Compounding the concern for the stability of monomers is the fact that these materials are typically transported and stored in large volume. The undesired initiation of the polymerization reaction may be caused by a number of factors, including contamination, exposure to extreme environmental conditions, or inhibitor loss. For example, an “unintended” polymerization can result from a seemingly benign procedure such as spill control with common absorbents. These and other factors mean that the reactive chemicals evaluation of monomers presents special problems and concerns which require more detailed experimental design for reliable hazard testing. This paper discusses the practical aspects of reactive chemicals testing strategies for monomers and rules-of-thumb for monomer inhibition, compatibility, spill control, and so-called quenching (also called short-stopping) agents. The techniques discussed range from simple “age and observe” type tests to more sophisticated heat flux calorimetry evaluations. We also discuss the more routine application of Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Accelerating Rate Calorimetry to monomers. Vent sizing applications with the VSP device are also presented with emphasis on total containment during a runaway.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four ethylene- 1 -butene copolymers of about the same comonomer content but obtained with different supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems have been studied. The effects of the catalyst and the crystallization conditions on the morphological structure have been analyzed. These two factors'clearly affect the melting endotherms and the most probable crystallite thickness of the copolymers, although no important differences were found in the crystalline contents. The catalyst system influences the melting pattern due to changes in the chemical composition distribution, i.e., variations in the comonomer content between chains of different molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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