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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graphical solution of turbulent-flow diffusion equations (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Linear partial-differential eqations are often encountered when thermal or material diffusion in flowing systems is considered. Analytic solutions of such equations are known for only the simplest situations. In two examples a graphical method of solution is presented and demonstrated which makes feasible, without excessive labor or special computing facilities, the use of available knowledge concerning turbulent flow in the prediction of thermal or material transfers in complex situations involving linear steady flow.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690030314
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the chemical properties of an oxide catalyst in a closed system (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 386-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bulk chemical properties of an impregnated chromia-alumina catalyst with respect to several gases, CO, CO2, C3H6, were determined as a function of the degree of oxidation of the surface of the catalyst. The importance of the results lies in the demonstration that a simple method described herein can be used to obtain significant data on catalytic surfaces. Briefly, the prior adsorption of oxygen by the catalyst tended to promote the adsorption of carbon monoxide and to prohibit the adsorption of carbon dioxide. Far more carbon monoxide was adsorbed by the highly oxidized surface than could be accounted for on the basis of adsorbed carbon dioxide. The quantity of propylene adsorbed also increased with an increase in the oxidation of the surface. The results are explained on the basis of two types of adsorbed oxygen atoms.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690030319
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas mixing in a square duct (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 395-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690030321
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for contacting gases with coarse solid particles (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Although coarse, uniformly sized particles are not amenable to fluidization, it has been found possible by use of either gases or liquids to impart a regular cycling motion to a bed of this type of material in which the solids are rapidly carried upward by the fluid in a central well-defined core within the bed. The particles move uniformly downward in the annular space surrounding the core, thus providing dense-phase countercurrent contact between the fluid and the solids. There is no wall separating the core from the annulus. This method is called the spouted-bed technique. The effect of column diameter, fluid inlet diameter, bed depth, and physical properties of solids and fluids on spouting behavior has been investigated. The minimum fluid velocity required for spouting has been correlated, and the flow pattern of the fluid and of the solids has been stuided. The technique has been applied to the drying of wheat.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor-liquid equilibria and heat of mixing: n-octane-ethylbenzene-cellosolve system (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 517-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Vapor-liquid equilibria of the systems n-octane-Cellosolve, ethylbenzene-Cellosolve, and n-octane-ethylbenzene-Cellosolve were determined at 760 mm. Hg. The activity coefficient data of Yang and Van Winkle (23) for the system n-octane-ethylbenzene and the data of this work on other systems were expressed by Wohl's three-suffix Margules equations. The ternary data are predicted satisfactorily from the binary constants and no noticeable ternary effects seem to exist for this ternary system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690030417
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A graphical method for solution of freezing problems (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Problems in heat conduction involving a moving boundary are encountered in the freezing of liquids and in other situations. Such problems are difficult to solve, and exact solutions are almost unknown. A graphical method for obtaining numerical solutions to problems of this type which can be described in terms of one space coordinate is derived and is demonstrated in two examples involving the freezing of liquids. The method, which does not require specialized knowledge or equipment, takes into account both sensible heats and latent heat.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local boiling coefficients on a horizontal tube (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Local boiling heat transfer coefficients were experimentally determined for nucleate boiling around the outer circumference of horizontal copper tubing. The tubes used were of 16 B.W.G. hard-temper copper with outside diameters of 1 1/4 and 2 in; the liquids boiled were methanol and n-hexane. The maximum peripheral variation occurred with the 1 1/4-in. tube in methanol where an over-all ΔT of 30.2°F. gave local outside coefficients varying between 249 and 548 B.t.u./(hr.)(sq. ft.)(°F.). The minimum variation was found to occur in the same system, in which an over-all ΔT of 72.3°F. gave coefficients varying between 856 and 910 B.t.u./(hr.)(sq. ft.)(F.°). The results, plotted in polar coordinates, showed a cardioid configuration for methanol with the maximum coefficients occurring at the bottom of the tube. The n-hexane results had the general shape of horizontal ellipses with maximum coefficients occurring at the sides of the tube.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040115
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transfer to water in turbulent flow in internally heated annuli (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nearly 900 values of local heat transfer coefficients were correlated for water flowing through long annuli 1/8, 1/4, and 3/8 in. wide, electrically heated at their inner surfaces and containing three spacer ribs. Both cosine and uniform lengthwise heat-flux distributions were employed. All heat transfer coefficients were computed for positions corresponding to (L/De) ratios larger than 150. Several methods of correlation were attempted and compared, especially with respect to the method of evaluating physical properties. The proportionality of the Colburn j factor to the Prandtl and Reynolds numbers with their usual exponents was verified, and the dependence of j upon D2/D1 was analyzed. There was no significant effect of cosine heat-flux distribution on the heat transfer coefficients. Evaluating physical properties at the usual film temperature gave the best correlation. A simplified dimensional equation for water at moderate temperatures and pressures was also developed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The study of flow and reaction rates in turbulent flames (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is proposed that measurements of reaction rate as a function of position within turbulent flames be the basis of an approach to the problem of turbulent-flame propagation. As a test of the method, measurements of static pressure, impact pressure, and chemical composition were made at several positions within the burning zones of two simulated ramjet combustion chambers. From these measurements a complete mapping of compositions, velocity components, densities, and static pressures could be carried out. By calculation of the appropriate derivatives of the latter quantities, the differential form of the equation of continuity for the species desired could be solved for net reaction rate as a function of position, turbulent diffusion being neglected. By a similar technique the equation of momentum was used to obtain eddy viscosities. The latter results were used to estimate the effect of turbulent diffusion by assuming a turbulent Schmidt number of unity.It is concluded that the method of attack used is a reasonable approach to the problem of turbulent flame propagation, having a special advantage in that it can be used to discover relationships between the rate of reaction and the patterns of the mean flow.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690050110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic properties of polar-nonpolar mixtures: Methanol-benzene-hexane system (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 498-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Direct enthalpy measurements were carried out for the methanol-benzene system as a function of composition, temperature (250° to 500°F.), and pressure (30 to 1,400 lb./sq. in. abs.). From these data pressure-enthalpy diagrams were prepared to show the enthalpy and entropy above a reference state of saturated liquid at 77°F. Similar results were obtained for a single binary system of methanol and n-hexane and a single ternary mixture.The conventional generalized correlations were not satisfactory for predicting vapor-phase enthalpies for mixtures involving methanol. A new method requiring a knowledge of the heat of dimerization, the equilibrium constant for the reaction, and the interaction constant, is proposed for such polar-nonpolar systems based upon association of the polar component.The most striking feature of the data for mixtures was the large heat of mixing in the vapor phase for the systems containing methanol. The same type of equation found suitable for the heat of mixing in the vapor phase was applicable to the liquid data.From the enthalpy data across the two-phase region, it was possible to predict a limited amount of information on the compositions of the liquid and vapor phases in equilibrium. An azeotrope exists in the methanol-benzene system, which at 325°F. contains 75 mole % methanol.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690020415
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