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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of porosity in filtration: XII. Filtration with sedimentation (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1153-1164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Filtration on horizontal surfaces facing upward is accompanied by sedimentation. Material balances that are based solely on the volume of filtrate and neglect sedimentation flux lead to an understatement of the solids deposited in the cake and potentially large errors in calculated values of the average specific resistance αav. In a gravitational sedimentation experiment with kaolin, the value of αav neglecting sedimentation was 3.75 times greater than the value including the effect of sedimentation. In addition to errors due to neglect of sedimentation, CATSCAN studies show that the slurry concentration above the cake increases with time, contrary to usual assumptions. In a manner similar to batch sedimentation in a closed cylinder, characteristics of constant composition arose from the cake surface. Approximate predictions based on a combination of traditional sedimentation and filtration theory were in accord with the CATSCAN data. Existing filtration theory must be substantially modified to account for the effect of sedimentation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410511
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow regimes of the three-phase circulating fluidized bed (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas-solids circulating fluidized beds have been successfully used in catalytic cracking of heavy oil, coal combustion, and some metallurgical and physical processes (Grace, 1990). Gas-liquid-solids fluidized beds are operated mainly in conventional fluidization regimes without solids circulation or in the transport regime with low solids holdups (less than 5%) (Fan, 1989). A circulating/fast fluidization regime, however, has not been studied. A three-phase circulating fluidized bed has several potential applications in biochemical and chemical processes. Three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactors generally use light and small particles (Berk et al., 1984). Circulating operation can promote solids mixing and increase product throughput per unit bed cross section, while high shear stress can promote biofilm renewal (Pirozzi et al., 1990). In three-phase hydrotreating reactors, solids catalysts lose their activity due to the deposit of metal and coke on the surface. Circulating operation not only regenerates deactivated catalyst continuously using accompanying downcomers but also transfers heat to and from the reactor. This article discusses the flow regimes of the three-phase circulating fluidized bed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410209
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple lattice model of proteins incorporating directional bonding and structured solvent (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 954-958 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410425
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity coefficients in nearly athermal model polymer/solvent systems (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 2306-2313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Constant pressure Monte Carlo simulations were performed to study the activity coefficients of bead-spring polymers dissolved in a monomeric solvent. Activity coefficients were obtained for binary mixtures of monomer and 20-mer for compositions ranging from pure 20-mer to pure solvent, using the chain increment method to obtain the chemical potentials of long-chain solute and monomeric solvent. Infinite dilution activity coefficients were also calculated for polymeric solutes in monomeric solvents and monomeric solutes in polymeric solutes in monimeric solvents and monomeric solutes in polymeric solvents solutions with chain length up to 60. Such detailed information on activity coefficnets in polymer/solvent systems with large size differences had not been available previously from simulation or experiment. Several engineering models were tested for their ability to predict the activity coefficients in these nearly athermal systems. Results indicate that simple free-folume models can provide us with qualitatively accurate predictions for both short-chain solvent and long-chain solutes, provided that the functional form of the free-volume dependence is chosen appropriately.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690411014
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery and purification of paclitaxel using low-pressure liquid chromatography (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 232-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An efficient and economical low-pressure liquid chromatography process has been developed for paclitaxel recovery and purification directly from plant-tissue culture (PTC) broth. PTC broth is first diluted with ethanol to ensure padlitaxel dissolution and then passed through a column packed with a high-capacity polystyrene divinyl-benzene sorbent. A step increase in ethanol concentration in the mobile phase (ethanol:water) is used to concentrate and compress the taxane bands to as high as 29-fold of influent concentrations (about 1 mg/L). A recycle technique is then used to separate the concentrated paclitaxel band from other taxane bands, achieving 95% purity with more than 90% recovery and 99% purity with more than 80% recovery. In this process, the same low-pressure columns are used to capture, concentrate and purify paclitaxel. Theoretical predictions agree closely with the stepwise elution and recycle chromatography data. After validation, simulations are used to explore various design and operating alternatives. Analysis of the alternatives shows that the process cost can be further reduced by using higher feed concentration, larger loading volume, smaller particle size, and optimal gradient and recycle strategies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430125
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Centrifugal analysis of pivoted-rotor systems for capillary pressure measurements (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 837-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430329
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure mechanisms of 2-D and 3-D woven fiber reinforced polymer compositesBased in part on the MS thesis of HPC. (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A simple lab-scale weaving method was used to produce multidirectional fiber preforms to improve the delamination resistance and damage tolerance of composites. Mechanical properties measured in this study included short-beam shear strength and damage tolerance of 2-D and 3-D woven composites. The constituents of fiber and matrix in these composites are Kevlar-29 (Du Pont) and Epon 828 (Shell Chemical Co.) epoxy. Attention was directed to the differentiation of deformation and failure mechanisms in these composites as a function of material parameters and loading conditions. The sequence of failure mechanisms differ between 2-D and 3-D composites. Results indicated that 3-D woven composites exhibited higher shear strength than 2-D woven composites. Also, 3-D composites absorbed more impact energy than 2-D composites. Failure mechanisms of composites subjected to repeated impacts were observed intermittently by using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The failure of 2-D composites was due to a combination of shear and tensile mode, but in 3-D composites the failure was dominated by tensile mode.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber blends. Part I: Composition dependence and the effect of compounding conditions (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 1 (1995), S. 142-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Epoxidized natural rubber is a recently commercialized modified form of natural rubber. This paper is part of our continuing effort to study the responses of this new material to melt mixing and other shaping processes. The Shimadzu capillary rheometer was used to evaluate the composition dependence of miscibility of polyvinyl chloride/epoxidized natural rubber blends (PVC/ENR blends). The rheometer was also used to evaluate the effect of compounding parameters on the rheological properties of the blends. The results confirmed PVC/ENR blends as miscible systems that show a synergism in apparent shear viscosity highlighted by the positive deviation from the logarithmic additivity rule. These results based on capillary rheometry are also in very good agreement with our earlier attempt to predict optimum mixing from torque rheometry by using the Brabender Plastogram as an indicator.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730010306
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of poly(vinyl chloride) / epoxidized natural rubber blends. Part II: The effect of processing variables (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 1 (1995), S. 66-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of processing variables on the rheological properties of PVC/ENR blends was investigated. The role of crosslinking in determining the flow behavior of blends was also examined by means of dynamically cured blends. It was found that PVC/ENR blends yield melts that are power law fluids. The flow of the melts improves with an increase in temperature and shear rate. However, the introduction of crosslinks reverses this trend, although under more rigorous conditions, the influence of crosslinks is superseded, and subsequently, flow becomes shear rate and temperature dependent. PVC/ENR systems also manifested elastic phenomena. The dependence of the elastic phenomena such as die swell and melt fracture on L/D ratio of the die was demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730010205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ramp-up centrifugation of capillary pressure experiments (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 2133-2136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430820
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