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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (52)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (47)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (43)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pigment cell differentiation in the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. I. Structural, chemical, and physical aspects of the adult pigment pattern (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 179 (1984), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Wild-collected adults of Bombina orientalis are bright green dorsally and red to red-orange ventrally. As a prelude to an analysis of the differentiation of pigment cells in developing B. orientalis, we describe structural and chemical aspects of the fully differentiated pigment pattern of the “normal” adult.Structurally, differences between dorsal green and ventral red skin are summarized as follows: (1) Dorsal green skin contains a “typical” dermal chromatophore unit comprised of melanophores, iridophores, and xanthophores. Red skin contains predominantly carotenoid-containing xanthophores (erythrophores), and skin from black spot areas contains only melanophores. (2) In ventral red skin, there is also a thin layer of deep-lying iridophores that presumably are not involved in the observed color pattern. (3) Xanthophores of red and green skin are morphologically distinguishable from each other. Dorsal skin xanthophores contain both pterinosomes and carotenoid vesicles; ventral skin xanthophores contain only carotenoid vesicles. Carotenoid vesicles in dorsal xanthophores are much larger but less electron dense than comparable structures in ventral xanthophores.The presence of carotenes in ventral skin accounts for the bright red-orange color of the belly of this frog. Similar pigments are also present in green skin, but in smaller quantities and in conjunction with both colored (yellow) and colorless pteridines. From spectral data obtained for xanthophore pigments and structural data obtained from the size and arrangement of reflecting platelets in the iridophore layer, we attempt to explain the phenomenon of observed green color in B. orientalis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051790303
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collateral projections from trigeminal sensory nuclei to ventrobasal thalamus and cerebellar cortex in rats (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 192 (1987), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The retrograde fluorescent labeling technique reveals that trigeminal projections to the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPM) of the rat originate from the main sensory nucleus (MSN) of the trigeminal and subnuclei interpolaris (V1) and caudalis (Vc) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These projections are predominately contralateral; however, the presence of a few ipsilateral labeled cells in MSN suggests an uncrossed trigeminothalamic pathway. Trigeminocerebellar fibers projecting to the paramedian lobule (PML) of the cerebellar cortex are located in Vi and caudal subnucleus oralis (V0). This is principally an ipsilateral pathway, but several bisbenzimide-labeled cells are present in contralateral Vi. The most notable finding occurred after paired injections of Evans Blue into VPM and bisbenzimide into PML, demonstrating neurons in Vi with divergent projections to both structures. The presence of this type of projection was not found in mice (Steindler: J. Comp. Neurol. 237:155-175, 1985) and has not been reported in other species.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051920305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pilot scale affinity chromatography: Purification of β-galactosidase (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1103-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: β-Galactosidase has been purified from an ammonium sulfate precipitate of E. coli strain ML308 by biospecific adsorption on a column of agarose gel substituted with p-aminophenyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside. The system described using a 1.8 liter column has a useful processing capacity of 3.8 × 106 units of β-galactosidase per 2 hr cycle. This corresponds to about 5 g of pure enzyme. An electromechanical timing device operates a set of six solenoid valves and carries out a preset program consisting of sample application, washing, and elation operations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160810
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The properties of magnetic supports in relation to immobilized enzyme reactors (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 603-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150318
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of aerobic batch culture maximum specific growth rate and respiration coefficient using a dissolved oxygen probe (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 531-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160409
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulp and paper mill solid wastes as substrates for single-cell protein production (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 561-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We have investigated the upgrading of some typical pulp and paper mill solid wastes into protein-enriched animal feed using the cellulolytic fungus Chaetomium cellulolyticum. The waste residues used were six different primary clarifier sludges and a sample of tertiary centricleaner rejects. These were obtained from mills whose modes of operation spanned the range typically in present-day usage: groundwood, sulfite, semichemical, Kraft, and thermomechanical pulping, with and without bleaching. Crude protein production from the solid waste residues is compared to that obtainable from fermentation of untreated or caustic-pretreated sawdusts. Some of these waste residues, especially the Kraft pulp mill rejects, appear to be promising sources of substrate for single-cell protein production. In these preliminary findings, up to 28% dry weight crude protein content of the product has been obtained at specific growth rates of up to 0.12hr-1 on direct utilization of the wastes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210404
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen transfer in mechanically agitated aqueous systems containing dispersed hydrocarbon (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 661-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of dispersed n -dodecane or n -hexadecane on the air-to-aqueous phase overall volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient in a simulated (cell-free) stirred-tank fermentor is described. The oil volume fraction ranged from zero to 0.10; the ionic strength of the aqueous phases was varied from 0 to 0.45. The air-to-aqueous phase coefficients in both oil-free (KLa) and oil-bearing (KLa*) systems were evaluated from unsteady-state experiments using a membrane-covered probe to follow the aqueous phase dissolved oxygen tension.For all systems studied, KLa*/KLa was found to be independent of P/V and vs for all practical purposes. However, for a particular aqueous phase and at a given P/V and vs, the ratio KLa*KLa generally differed from unity. Depending on the combination of hydrocarbon type and volume fraction and the aqueous-phase ionic strength employed, the dispersed hydrocarbon may, in some cases, reduce the rate of oxygen transfer and in others enhance it relative to that of the corresponding oil-free gas-liquid dispersion. Enhancement of the air-to-aqueous transfer rate by such negative spreading coefficient hydrocarbons has not been reported previously.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190505
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved method for the dynamic measurement of mass transfer coefficient for application to solid-substrate fermentation (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1611-1622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method has been developed for the measurement of overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) in gas-liquid-solid systems. This method is based on the examination of gas phase dynamics in a three-phase contactor and consists of measuring continuously the response of the outlet gas composition to a step input change of CO2 in the inlet gas stream. The advantages and limitations of the new method are presented and its sensitivity is discussed on the basis of model predictions. Preliminary results on the implementation of the CO2 method are also reported. Experimental data obtained in a nonviscous electrolyte solution show that the proposed method compares favorably with the conventional dissolved oxygen technique, provided that a correction is made to take account of the difference in diffusivity of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230718
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial desulfurization of coal by thermophilic microorganism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2115-2121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240919
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological removal of pyritic sulfur from coal by the thermophilic organism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: More than 90% of initial pyritic sulfur was removed from bituminous coal samples (containing 2.1% pyritic sulfur) using the thermophilic organism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Microbial desulfurization rate was improved nearly ten fold by adjusting the N/P and N/Mg ratios in the nutrient medium. Environmental conditions were optimized. The optimal values of temperature and pH were 70°C and 1.5, respectively. The influence of certain process variables (such as coal pulp density, particle size, and initial cell number density) on the rate of pyritic sulfur removal were determined. A pulp density of 20%, particle size of D¯p 〈 48 μm, and an initial cell number density of 1012 cells/g pyrite in coal were found to be optimal. The carbon dioxide enriched air did not improve the rate of pyritic sulfur removal compared to pure air at 10% pulp density of coal samples containing 2.1% pyritic sulfur. The kinetics of microbial leaching of pyritic sulfur from coal was investigated. The rate of leaching was found to be first order with respect to pyritic sulfur concentration in the reaction medium.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270107
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