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  • Anthropogenic climate change  (1)
  • Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling  (1)
  • California Current  (1)
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  • 1
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    Changes in ocean heat, carbon content, and ventilation : a review of the first decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Annual Review of Marine Science 8 (2016): 185-215, doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-052915-100829.
    Description: The ocean, a central component of Earth’s climate system, is changing. Given the global scope of these changes, highly accurate measurements of physical and biogeochemical properties need to be conducted over the full water column, spanning the ocean basins from coast to coast, and repeated every decade at a minimum, with a ship-based observing system. Since the late 1970s, when the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS) conducted the first global survey of this kind, the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), and now the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) have collected these “reference standard” data that allow quantification of ocean heat and carbon uptake, and variations in salinity, oxygen, nutrients, and acidity on basin scales. The evolving GO-SHIP measurement suite also provides new global information about dissolved organic carbon, a large bioactive reservoir of carbon.
    Description: Climate Observations Division of the U.S. NOAA Climate Program Office and NOAA Research; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148; U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE- 0223869; OCE-0752970; OCE-0825163; OCE-1434000; OCE 0752972; OCE-0752980; OCE-1232962; OCE-1155983; OCE-1436748]; U.S. CLIVAR Project Office; Global Environment and Marine Department, Japan Meteorological Agency; Australian Climate Change Science Program (Australian Department of Environment and CSIRO); U.K. Natural Environment Research Council; European Union’s FP7 grant agreement 264879 (CarboChange); Horizon 2020 grant agreement No 633211; ETH Zurich Switzerland.
    Keywords: Anthropogenic climate change ; Ocean temperature change ; Salinity change ; Ocean carbon cycle ; Ocean oxygen and nutrients ; Ocean chlorofluorocarbons ; Ocean circulation change ; Ocean mixing
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 2
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    Detecting anthropogenic CO2 changes in the interior Atlantic Ocean between 1989 and 2005 (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 115 (2010): C11028, doi:10.1029/2010JC006251.
    Description: Repeat observations along the meridional Atlantic section A16 from Iceland to 56°S show substantial changes in the total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in the ocean between occupations from 1989 through 2005. The changes correspond to the expected increase in DIC driven by the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere, but the ΔDIC is more varied and larger, in some locations, than can be explained solely by this process. Concomitant large changes in oxygen (O2) suggest that processes acting on the natural carbon cycle also contribute to ΔDIC. Precise partial pressure of CO2 measurements suggest small but systematic increases in the bottom waters. To isolate the anthropogenic CO2 component (ΔCanthro) from ΔDIC, an extended multilinear regression approach is applied along isopycnal surfaces. This yields an average depth-integrated ΔCanthro of 0.53 ± 0.05 mol m−2 yr−1 with maximum values in the temperate zones of both hemispheres and a minimum in the tropical Atlantic. A higher decadal increase in the anthropogenic CO2 inventory is found for the South Atlantic compared to the North Atlantic. This anthropogenic CO2 accumulation pattern is opposite to that seen for the entire Anthropocene up to the 1990s. This change could perhaps be a consequence of the reduced downward transport of anthropogenic CO2 in the North Atlantic due to recent climate variability. Extrapolating the results for this section to the entire Atlantic basin (63°N to 56°S) yields an uptake of 5 ± 1 Pg C decade−1, which corresponds to about 25% of the annual global ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 during this period.
    Description: The CLIVAR/CO2 cruises are cosponsored by the physical and chemical oceanography divisions of the National Science Foundation and the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of NOAA. Support from the program managers involved is greatly appreciated. We also acknowledge a grant from NOAA (NOAA‐NA07OAR4310098), which supported part of the postcruise data analysis contributing to this manuscript. N.G. also acknowledges support from ETH Zurich.
    Keywords: Carbon cycling ; Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling ; Oceans
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Eddy-resolving simulation of plankton ecosystem dynamics in the California Current System (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 53 (2006): 1483-1516, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2006.06.005.
    Description: We study the dynamics of the planktonic ecosystem in the coastal upwelling zone within the California Current System using a three-dimensional, eddy-resolving circulation model coupled to an ecosystem/biogeochemistry model. The physical model is based on the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS), configured at a resolution of 15 km for a domain covering the entire U.S. West Coast, with an embedded child grid covering the central California upwelling region at a resolution of 5 km. The model is forced with monthly mean boundary conditions at the open lateral boundaries as well as at the surface. The ecological/biogeochemical model is nitrogen based, includes single classes for phytoplankton and zooplankton, and considers two detrital pools with different sinking speeds. The model also explicitly simulates a variable chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio. Comparisons of model results with either remote sensing observations (AVHRR, SeaWiFS) or in situ measurements from the CalCOFI program indicate that our model is capable of replicating many of the large-scale, time averaged features of the coastal upwelling system. An exception is the underestimation of the chlorophyll levels in the northern part of the domain, perhaps because of the lack of short-term variations in the forcing from the atmosphere. Another shortcoming is that the modeled thermocline is too diffuse, and that the upward slope of the isolines toward the coast is too small. Detailed time-series comparisons with observations from Monterey Bay reveal similar agreements and discrepancies. We attribute the good agreement between the modeled and observed ecological properties in large part to the accuracy of the physical fields. In turn, many of the discrepancies can be traced back to our use of monthly mean forcing. Analysis of the ecosystem structure and dynamics reveal that the magnitude and pattern of phytoplankton biomass in the nearshore region are determined largely by the balance of growth and zooplankton grazing, while in the offshore region, growth is balanced by mortality. The latter appears to be inconsistent with in situ observations and is a result of our consideration of only one zooplankton size class (mesozooplankton), neglecting the importance of microzooplankton grazing in the offshore region. A comparison of the allocation of nitrogen into the different pools of the ecosystem in the 3-D results with those obtained from a box model configuration of the same ecosystem model reveals that only a few components of the ecosystem reach a local steady-state, i.e. where biological sources and sinks balance each other. The balances for the majority of the components are achieved by local biological source and sink terms balancing the net physical divergence, confirming the importance of the 3-D nature of circulation and mixing in a coastal upwelling system.
    Description: Most of this work has been made possible by two grants from NASA. Additional support is acknowledged from NSF’s ITR program.
    Keywords: Phytoplankton dynamics ; Nutrient cycling ; Coastal biogeochemistry ; California Current ; Upwelling
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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    Format: 7070311 bytes
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