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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamides incorporating phosphine oxide groups. I. Wholly aromatic polymers (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1561-1566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: phosphine oxide ; polyamide ; polycondensation ; thermal properties ; fire-retardant materials ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Five novel polyamides incorporating phosphine oxide groups have been synthesized by the condensation reaction of bis(4-carboxyphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide with a series of aromatic diamines. The thermal properties of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Glass transition temperatures in the 225-254°C range were recorded, together with good thermooxidative stability (5% weight loss occurring at 〉420°C) and high char yield upon prolonged heating at 650-800°C (24-50%). Also, good solubility in aprotic polar solvents was observed for all polyamides synthesized. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamides incorporating phosphine oxide groups. II. Aromatic polymers containing sulfone functionality (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 493-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: phosphine oxide ; diarylsulfone ; polyamide ; polycondensation ; thermal properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four novel polyamides have been prepared in high yields by the polycondensation reactions of bis(3-carboxyphenyl)- and bis(4-carboxyphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide with 3,3′- and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone. The thermal properties of these materials were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the presence of both phosphine oxide and sulfonyl groups within the polymer backbone brought about remarkable modifications in the thermal behavior. Glass transition temperatures 40-50°C lower than those of conventional polyamides i.e., in the range 170-200°C, were recorded. However, we observed greater thermooxidative stability (5% weight loss at 〉410°C) and high char yield upon prolonged heating at 800°C (20-34%). Also, good solubility in polar aprotic solvents was observed for all polyamides together with some solubility in aqueous solvent mixtures, e.g. tetrahydrofuran/water (95:5). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamides incorporating phosphine oxide groups. III. Polymerisation of bis[4-(2-aminoethyl)aminophenyl]-phenylphosphine oxide with dicarboxylic acids (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2865-2870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: phosphine oxide ; aromatic-aliphatic polyamides ; polycondensation ; thermal properties ; fire retardant materials ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new polymerisation monomer bis[4-(2-aminoethyl)aminophenyl]-phenylphosphine oxide (p-BAPPO) was prepared in good yield by the nucleophilic substitution reaction between bis(4-fluorophenyl)phenylphosphine oxide and a large excess of 1,2-diaminoethane. Five novel polyamides, incorporating phosphine oxide groups within the polymer backbone were synthesised by the condensation reaction of p-BAPPO with a series of aromatic and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. The thermal properties of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Glass transition temperatures in the 180-215°C range were recorded. Although we observed their thermooxidative stabilities (5% weight loss 〉 345°C) to be lower by 40-70°C than those previously found for wholly aromatic polyamides with phosphine oxide groups within the parent chain, char yields upon prolonged heating at 650°C were still excellent (26-38%). Also, good solubility in aprotic polar solvents was observed for all polyamides synthesised. The new polyamides clearly represent significant progress in the quest for processible fire retardant materials. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2865-2870, 1997
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of light-scattering detectors for size exclusion chromatography. I. Instrument precision and accuracy (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1359-1374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A systematic evaluation of two types of light-scattering detectors for size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was completed. The two detectors were the low-angle laser light scattering photometer (LALLS) and the multiangle laser light-scattering photometer (MALLS). Instrument evaluations were performed at both room (30-40°C) and high (135-145°C) temperatures using the polystyrene standard, NBS 706, at room temperature and the polyethylene standard, SRM 1476, at high temperature. Results of the evaluation showed that when experimental uncertainties were taken into account LALLS and MALLS demonstrated equivalent precision and accuracy for molecular weight determination. The main source of inaccuracy found (particularly for SRM 1476) was the sensitivity difference between the light-scattering and the concentration (DRI) detectors; i.e., the DRI detector was unable to measure very low concentrations of very high molecular weight material present in SRM 1476, whereas the light-scattering detectors respond strongly. It was shown that for LALLS the overall weight-average molecular weight (M̄w) for the whole polymer calculated using an equation that did not require the DRI detector output circumvented this sensitivity problem while assuming that the low angle used was sufficiently close to zero. Use of this equation for MALLS is possible by extrapolating data from all angles used to obtain a light-scattering chromatogram at zero angle. However, this possibility was not examined here. A particular advantage of MALLS over LALLS is that MALLS can provide the z-average root mean square radius (commonly referred to here and in other light-scattering literature as the “radius of gyration”) values from the same data as those used to obtain molecular weight values. Although the radius of gyration values at each retention volume were not as precise as the corresponding weight-average molecular weights, at room temperature, precision was better than 2% for a significant portion of the chromatogram. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490804
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental assessment of the thermodynamic theory of the compositional variation of Tg: PVC systems (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2869-2883 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The glass-transition temperatures (Tg's) and specific heats (Cp) of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and PVC plasticized with 5-120 phr di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DOA) and tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) have been determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Measured Tg's were compared to predictions by the Couchman and Karasz (C-K) thermodynamic theory, three related empirical equations, and a new equation obtained from the C-K relation by assuming the product TgΔCp to be constant. It was found that the Tg's of the PVC/TOTM mixtures are adequately predicted only by the C-K and the derivative relation. The Tg's of the PVC/DOA mixtures follow a sigmoidal or cusp-like dependence on plasticizer composition as has been observed for some other PVC/plasticizer mixtures. In this case, the approximation afforded by the C-K or derivative equations is still superior to the empirical models over a wide composition range. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the PVC/DOA mixtures suggests that the DSC transitions may consist of two overlapping phase transitions. The reported sigmoidal composition dependence of the DSC Tg's may therefore result from the measured Tg's being weighted towards the temperature corresponding to the predominant dynamic mechanical transition (i.e., the high Tg phase at low plasticizer concentrations and the low Tg phase at high plasticizer concentrations). In such cases of partial phase separation, the C-K or the derivative equation may be used to estimate the composition of the two phases at each overall plasticizer concentration.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270813
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinforcement mechanism of polyester-fiber-reinforced rubber - A model study (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 2633-2646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reinforcement mechanism of polyester tire cord was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy using various model compounds. Three model compounds representing the main chain of polyester and the terminal groups, namely carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups, were used. Chemical reactions between these polyester models and an epoxy functional silane coupling agent were studied qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Among the many possible reactions, the reaction between the carboxylic acid and epoxy group was found to proceed readily. Kinetic studies of the major reactions also show quantitative differences in their activation energies as well as the rate constants. Based on the quantitative studies, we have estimated the expected rate of interfacial reaction at the heat treating temperature of polyester tire cord.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280815
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On protein solubility in organic solvent (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 140-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: lysozyme ; nonaqueous solvents ; protein solubility ; binary solvent mixtures ; lyophilized proteins ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solubility of a model protein, hen egg-white lysozyme, was investigated in a wide range of neat nonaqueous solvents and binary mixtures thereof. All solvents that are protic, very hydrophilic, and polar readily dissolve more than 10 mg/mL of lysozyme (lyophilized from aqueous solution of pH 6.0). Only a marginal correlation was found between the lysozyme solubility in a non-aqueous solvent and the letter's dielectric constant or Hildebrand solubility parameter, and no correlation was observed with the dipole moment. Lysozyme dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) could be precipitated by adding protein nondissolving co-solvents, although the enzyme had a tendency to form supersaturated solutions in such mixtures. The solubility of lysozyme, both in an individual solvent (1,5-pentanediol) and in binary solvent mixtures (DMSO/acetonitrile), markedly increased when the pH of the enzyme aqueous solution prior to lyophilization was moved away from the proteins's isoelectric point. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440120
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of particulate Bioglass® in a rabbit radius ostectomy model (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 35 (1997), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Osseous defects and fractures may require supplimentation to support and promote healing. Bioglass® (BG) may be a useful therapeutic for these conditions. Therefore, we executed a study to determine whether particulate BG could promote healing of 20-mm unilateral ostectomies in the radius of rabbits. Ostectomies were either treated with BG or remained untreated in the control (CTL) group. At 4 and 8 weeks post-treatment, ostectomies were assessed histomorphometrically and biomechanically. New bone formation was more intense contiguous to the host bone for both BG and CTL than centrally, yet BG animals displayed active mineralization throughout the ostectomy. The amount of bone within BG-filled defects was greater than CTLs at 4 weeks, whereas, at 8 weeks there was no difference. Biomechanically, the BG-treated limbs required more torque to break than did CTL limbs at 4 weeks; however differences were not significantly different. By 8 weeks, the BG-treated and CTLs, had comparable strength. Bioglass® may be a useful therapy to produce the early phase of osseous repair. However, improvements in handling properties of the particles will be needed to enhance efficacy. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of bioactive glass particle size on osseous regeneration of cancellous defects (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: bioactive glass ; histology ; biomechanics ; cancellous bone defect ; rabbit ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The bioactive glass known as Bioglass® or Perioglass® (USB) (US Biomaterials, Alachua, FL) has proven to be an effective graft material owing to the apatite layer which forms on the surface of the glass, promoting bone formation. USB particles range in size from 90 to 710 μm in diameter, as determined by optical microscopy. A similar bioactive material, BioGran (OV) (Orthovita, Malvern, PA), was developed to limit the particle size of 45S5 to the range between 300 and 360 μm, as determined by sieving. The objective of this study was to histologically and biomechanically compare the 45S5 bioactive glass, produced by US Biomaterials, in a wide particle range (USB) to the narrower particle range glass produced by Orthovita (OV). The grafted defects will then be compared to normal cancellous bone (NORM) of the distal femur in rabbits. Histologically, more bone was quantified at both 4 and 12 weeks within the defects filled with USB and NORM when compared to the limbs filled with OV (p 〈 0.05). The OV particles had greater particle axes and larger particle areas on average than the USB particles (p 〈 0.05). However, the particle axis and area of the two materials decreased with time at a similar rate. Biomechanically, the USB- and OV-grafted defects had comparable peak compressive load, compressive stiffness, and compressive modulus which were equivalent to normal bone. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 527-533, 1998.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue behavior of type 316 stainless steel under simulated body conditions (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 267-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The fatigue-crack propagation behavior of Type 316 stainless steel was studied under simulated body conditions. The fatigue specimens were immersed in circulating Ringers Solution at a temperature of 98°F. Cyclic loading was accomplished at a frequency and load waveform that corresponded to normal level walking. The concepts of linear elastic fracture mechanics were used to evaluate the fatigue behavior, and it was found that the crack-growth rate was higher under simulated body conditions than for a corresponding test conducted under ambient air conditions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820050313
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