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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (1,467)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,467)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of oxygen solubility in fermentation media: A colorimetric method (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 578-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods of measuring oxygen solubility in culture media are scarce, and those available are tedious to apply. A simple colorimetric assay was developed and applied to the analysis of oxygen solubility during alcoholic fermentation. The method was based on the consumption of oxygen by glucose oxidase activity and the production of the pink quinone of syringaldazine by coupled peroxidase activity. Color formation at 526 nm progressed through an optimum that was a linear function of the oxygen added to the assay. Sensitivity was maximized by operating at pH 7 and limiting the medium sample volume added. Each assay took 10-15 min to prepare and react. Reaction time was minimized by using abundant glucose and enzyme concentrations. Data obtained by the assay developed showed good agreement with published oxygen solubilities in water and selected media at various temperatures. Subsequent analyses of fermentation broths indicated falling sugar concentration to be primarily responsible for increases in oxygen solubility during fermentation. For example, during fermentations started with 230 g/L xylose or glucose, oxygen solubility could increase by 41% due to sugar consumption alone. This procedure can provide the solubility data needed to accurately calibrate in-line electronic probes for monitoring dissolved oxygen concentration during fermentation processes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330510
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equipment for cultivation of fastidious micro-organisms (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 27-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equipment has been developed in which fermentation processes for fastidious, pathogenic micro-organisms can be operated on a pilot-plant scale. Experience has shown the need for the development of concepts, techniques, and equipment meeting more stringent requirements than those ordinarily encountered in the fermentation industry. A system has been developed for the preparation of pure cultures which may be used either for the development of processes or in the preparation of substantial quantities of pure cultures. The equipment includes specially designed valves, fermentors, piping arrangement, and requires special methods of operation in order to maintain pure cultures during growth of the organism. The number of cultures of pathogenic, fastidious micro-organisms contaminated in the systems commonly used in industry is materially greater than the number of contaminated cultures produced in the system described.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    Clinical-size dextran by direct fermentation (with NRRL B-1351 Streptococcus sp.)This study was supported in part by grant 4395 from the Surgeon General's Office, U.S. Department of Defence. The views or conclusions contained in this paper are not to be construed as necessarily reflecting the views or endorsement of the Department of Defence. (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 2 (1960), S. 381-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dextran, a polymer of glucose, has been widely used as a blood-plasma volume expander. In whole culture fermentations most dextran-producing organisms elaborate dextrans that have molecular weights of many millions and must be depolymerized and fractionated to obtain a product suitable for clinical use. An exception however is Streptococcus sp. (Strain DS-50) NRRL B-1351. In the work described here, this organism is used to produce clinical-size dextran in high yields, both on a laboratory- and a pilot-plant scale. With this process, fractionation is required but depolymerization is not. Fermentations of media containing 15 per cent sucrose are complete in less than 48 hours with 0·2 per cent inoculum. Yields of native dextran and clinical-size dextran by methanol precipitation are 68 and 43 per cent of the theory, respectively. The structurally heterogeneous dextran formed by NRRL B-1351 has a higher viscosity for a given molecular weight than does NRRL B-512 dextran. The viscosity-molecular weight relationship for the former may be expressed by the equation [η] = 6·51 × 10-4Mw0·554. The high-molecular weight fraction had approximately 75 per cent of 1,6-like linkages, as compared with 87 per cent for the clinical fraction. All fractions had a lower ratio of 1,6 to non-1,6 linkages than did NRRL B-512 dextrans.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390020402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raw materials evaluation and process development studies for conversion of biomass to sugars and ethanolThis paper was prepared for presentation at the Second Annual Symposium on Fuels from Biomass, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 20-22 June 1978. This work was done with support from the Department of Energy. Any conclusions or opinions expressed in this report represent solely those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory nor of the Department of Energy. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 163-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A range of cellulosic raw materials in the form of agricultural crop residue was analyzed for chemical composition and assessed for potential yields of sugars through chemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of these materials. Corn stover was used as a representative raw material for a preliminary process design and economic assessment of the production of sugars and ethanol. With the process as presently developed, 24 gal ethanol can be obtained per ton of corn stover at a processing cost of about $1.80/gal exclusive of by-product credits. The analysis shows the cost of ethanol to be highly dependent upon: (1) the cost of the biomass, (2) the extent of conversion to glucose, (3) enzyme recovery and production cost, and (4) potential utilization of xylose. Significant cost reduction appears possible through further research in these directions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Five-year perspective of the large-scale growth of mammalian cells in suspension culture (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2717-2735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Cell Culture Center at the University of Alabama in Birmingham was set up to produce large quantities of cells and their products from suspension cultured cell lines. This system has now been in operation for over five years and has been effective in producing large quantities of mammalian cells of murine and human origin. This article describes the system and some growth parameters which have been of importance for large-scale mammalian cell growth.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production and use of swine vesicular disease virus from pig kidney monolayer cells grown on the surface of 3-mm-diameter glass spheres (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240121
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  • 7
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    Bioconversion of wheat straw cellulose/hemicellulose to ethanol by Saccharomyces uvarum and Pachysolen tannophilusThe mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1105-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The information presented in this publication represents current research findings on the production of glucose and xylose from straw and subsequent direct fermentation of both sugars to ethanol. Agricultural straw was subjected to thermal or alkali pulping prior to enzymatic saccharification. When wheat straw (WS) was treated at 170°C for 30-60 min at a water-to-solids ratio of 7:1, the yield of cellulosic pulp was 70-82%. A sodium hydroxide extration yielded a 60% cellulosic pulp and a hemicellulosic fraction available for fermentation to ethanol. The cellulosic pulps were subjected to cellulase hydrolysis at 55°C for production of sugars to support a 6-C fermentation. Hemicellulose was recovered from the liquor filtrates by acid/alcohol precipitation followed by acid hydrolysis to xylose for fermentation. Subsequent experiments have involved the fermentation of cellulosic and hemicelluosic hydrolysates to ethanol. Apparently these fermentations were inhibited by substances introduced by thermal and alkali treatment of the straws, because ethanol efficiencies of only 40-60% were achieved. Xylose from hydrolysis of wheat straw pentosans supported an ethanol fermentation by Pachysolen tannophilus strain NRRL 2460. This unusual yeast is capable of producing ethanol from both glucose and xylose. Ethanol yields were not maximal due to deleterious substances in the WS hydrolysates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240507
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of recombinant protein A from the lac promoter in Escherichia coli JM83 is not subject to catabolite repression when grown under specific conditions of continuous culture (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1050-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: catabolite repression ; protein A ; membrane proteins ; continuous culture ; protein expression ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Although widely used in experimental and industrial situations, genetically engineered plasmids containing the lac promoter from Escherichia coli are subject to catabolite repression when grown in glucose-containing media. Several methods of overcoming this problem have been investigated by studying the expression of the protein A gene from Staphylococcus aureus under the control of the Escherichia coli lac promoter. When glycerol is used as a sole carbon source, the plasmid is unstable and is rapidly lost from the culture. When the bacteria are grown in chemostats under glucose limitation, the plasmid is maintained, even at high dilution rates, and the expression of protein A is similar to that observed when glycerol was used. The balance between metabolic load and protein A expression seems to be maintained by reducing the gene dose to a tolerable level. Depending on the metabolic conditions prevailing in the culture, this is achieved, either by reducing the copy number of the plasmid or in extreme cases by removing the plasmid altogether.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380914
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performances of a full-scale novel multiplate anaerobic reactor treating cheese whey effluent (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 398-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: anaerobic digestion ; full-scale ; granule activity ; multiplate reactor ; solid retention ; whey permeate ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 450-m3 multiplate anaerobic reactor (MPAR) has been started-up in April 1992 for treating wastewater (whey permeate and domestic wastewater) at the Nutrinor (Lactel) cheese factory in Chambord (Québec, Canada). The MPAR consists of four superimposed sections. The liquid flows upwards from one section to the next, while the gas is collected below each plate and evacuated through side-outlets. The wastewater is concurrently distributed at the bottom of the first, second, and third sections, as 50%, 33%, and 17% of the total influent stream, respectively. Granular anaerobic sludge at an initial concentration of 30 kg of volatile suspended solids (VSS) per cubic meter of reactor liquid volume was used to inoculate the reactor. Under normal operation of the factory, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of the influent ranged from 20 to 37 kg COD m-3. The reactor organic loading rate (OLR) fluctuated between 9 and 14.7 kg COD m-3 d-1 for hydraulic retention times (HRT) maintained between 55 and 68 h. At the highest OLR, the MPAR showed an efficiency of 98% and 92% for soluble and total COD removal, respectively, and a methane production rate averaging around 4 m3 m-3 d-1.Biomass-specific activities ranged between 7 and 51, 1.3 and 8.5, 5.3 and 12.2, 60 and 119, and 119 and 211 mmol g-1 VSS d-1 for glucose, propionate, acetate, formate, and hydrogen, respectively. Average equivalent-diameter of the granules was around 0.65 mm. The MPAR reactor generally showed a large capacity for solid retention with a biomass content between 32 and 37 kg VSS m-3. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450504
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of rIL-2 inclusion bodies from Escherichia coli using cross-flow filtration (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 969-977 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cross-flow membrane filtration ; inclusion bodies ; Escherichia coli ; extraction, rIL-2 ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cross-flow membrane filtration process was developed for the recovery of rIL-2 inclusion bodies from homogenized Escherichia coli. The membrane extraction process was comprised of a two-step diafiltration followed by an extraction with 7 M GuHCl and a 40-fold dilution of the solubilized inclusion bodies into 0.01 M Tris-HCl, 0.035 M NaCl, pH 7.9. The first diafiltration was with a 0.03 M Tris-HCl, 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pH 8, followed by a diafiltration with 1.75 M GuHCl. All of the insoluble rIL-2 was retained behind the membrane, whereas a GuHCl wash solubilized approximately 15% of the rIL-2. The membrane process increased the yield of rIL-2 in the diluted extract by threefold as compared to a similar centrifuge process with a significant increase in purity as determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260431010
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