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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fungal pretreatment by Phanerochaete chrysosporium to reduce the inhibition of methanogenesis by dehydroabietic acid (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 538-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 was tested for its capacity to degrade dehydroabietic acid (DHA). In anaerobic treatment, this molecule is the most recalcitrant member of the resin acid group, which is known to cause operational problems to anaerobic reactors treating pulp and paper industry wastewaters. In this study the effect of DHA on different parameters, such as growth, ligninolytic enzyme activity, extracellular protein production as well as both glycerol and ammonium consumption by the fungus, was determined. Although the above parameters were affected by the addition of DHA, the results show that the fungus could still produce significant titres of ligninolytic enzymes. The fungus removed 47% of the DHA initially present in the static culture, after 10 days of incubation. Anaerobic toxicity assays showed that the treatment of DHA with P. chrysosporium reduced the methanogenesis and acetogenesis inhibition caused by DHA and allowed improved methane production by the anaerobic bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic examination of the extracellular polymeric substances in anaerobic granular biofilms (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 481-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Anaerobic granule ; electron microscopy ; extracellular polymeric substances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Scanning electron microscopy revealed that collapsed extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) surrounded bacteria present in granular sludge. Treatment of granular sludge with whole-cell antiserum and staining with polycationic ferritin demonstrated that bacteria were enveloped by extensive EPS. Antibody stabilization permitted a visualization of the EPS which more closely resembled its natural hydrated state. The EPS was seen to completely fill the intercellular spaces in the microcolonies. Both pure and mixed microcolonies were observed to be enclosed by EPS. The presence of these large amounts of EPS indicates that this extracellular layer is important in maintaining the structural integrity of granular sludge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286356
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of anaerobic sludge using chitosan crosslinked with lignosulfonate (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 45-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: cell immobilization; chitosan; anaerobic sludge; lignosulfonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method for immobilization of anaerobic sludge in chitosan is described. It is based on the reaction of basic NH2 groups of chitosan with the acidic sulfonic-groups of lignosulfonate to form sulfonilamide linkages. The new procedure features simplicity, low-cost and mild immobilization conditions. Batch tests of acetate consumption along with a continuous reactor operation confirmed the effectiveness of the immobilization technique for maintenance of long-term stability of the polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900473
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of biodegradation of gasoline and its hydrocarbon constituents (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 475-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Aerobic biodegradation of gasoline and its constituents, benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene were studied by an enrichment from soil indigenous microbial population. The enrichment culture completely degraded 16.1–660 mg/l gasoline in 2.5–16 days respectively, without accumulation of any by-products. The kinetics of gasoline as well as benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene biodegradation was investigated with initial gasoline concentrations of 16.1–62.6 mg/l. The maximum specific rates of biodegradation of benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene were 0.12, 0.38 and 0.19 mg mg biomass−1 day−1 respectively. When benzene and toluene were used as sole substrate, the maximum specific rates of their biodegradation were 62.9 and 16.4 times greater than the corresponding values for a mixture (gasoline). The microbial culture was able to mineralize up to 200 mg/l pure toluene and benzene. Maximum mineralization efficiencies of benzene and toluene were 76.7 ± 5.1% and 76.8 ± 1.3% respectively. Self-inhibition and competitive inhibition patterns were observed during the biodegradation of benzene and toluene alone and in the mixture respectively. The observed kinetics was modeled according to Andrews' inhibition model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051201
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the starting microbial nucleus type on the anaerobic granulation dynamics (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 47 (1997), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The influence of four different granulation precursors, syntroph-enriched methanogenic consortia, Methanosaeta-enriched, Methanosarcina-enriched nuclei and acidogenic flocs, on the time course of complex granule development and the lag time for start-up was investigated in four upflow anaerobic sludge-bed and filter reactors. Although the operational conditions allowed the maintenance of the same specific growth rate of biomass in the four reactors, granulation proceeded rapidly with syntroph/methanogenic consortia, Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina nuclei. However, granulation was significantly retarded when acidogenic flocs were used as precursors. The granule mean Sauter diameter increased rapidly in the reactor inoculated with syntroph/methanogenic consortia, Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina nuclei and reached, at the end of the experiment, 3.1, 2.7 and 2.4 mm compared to 1.1 mm in that inoculated with acidogenic flocs. This corresponded to a rate of granule size increase of 31, 21, 18 μm/day in syntroph/methanogenic consortia, Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina nuclei, respectively, compared to 7 μm/day in acidogenic flocs. Biomass specific activities (i.e. acidogenic, syntrophic and methanogenic activities) increased stepwise in all reactors with time, especially in those inoculated with syntroph/methanogenic consortia and Methanosaeta nuclei. From these results it appears that syntrophs and Methanosaeta spp. play an important role in the anaerobic granulation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050911
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term impact of dissolved O2 on the activity of anaerobic granules (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49 (1996), S. 611-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: anaerobic sludge ; coculture ; oxygen toxicity ; sludge activity ; wastewater treatment ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The impact of influent dissolved O2 on the characteristics of anaerobic granular sludge was investigated at various dissolved O2 concentrations (0.5-8.1 ppm) in 1- and 5-L laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB)-like anaerobic/aerobic coupled reactors with a synthetic wastewater (carbon sources containing 75% sucrose and 25% acetate). The rate of dissolved O2 supplied to the coupled reactor was as high as 0.40 g O2/Lrx·d, and the anaerobic/aerobic coupled reactors maintained excellent methanogenic performances at a COD loading rate of 3 g COD/Lrx·d even after the reactors had been operated with dissolved O2 for 3 months. The activities of granular sludge on various substrates (glucose, propionate, and hydrogen) were not impaired, and acetate activity was even improved over a short term. However, after 3 months of operation, slight declines on the acetoclastic activities of granules were observed in the coupled reactor receiving the recirculated fluid containing 8.1 ppm dissolved O2.Methane yield in the anaerobic control reactor and anaerobic/aerobic coupled reactors revealed that a significant aerobic elimination (up to 30%) of substrate occurred in the coupled reactors, as expected. The presence of dissolved O2 in the recirculated fluid resulted in the development of fluffy biolayers on the granule surface, which imposed a negative impact on the settleability of granular sludge and caused a slightly higher sludge washout. This research shows that the anaerobic/aerobic coupled reactor can be successfully operated under O2-limited conditions and is an ideal engineered ecosystem integrating oxic and anaerobic niches. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performances of a full-scale novel multiplate anaerobic reactor treating cheese whey effluent (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 398-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: anaerobic digestion ; full-scale ; granule activity ; multiplate reactor ; solid retention ; whey permeate ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 450-m3 multiplate anaerobic reactor (MPAR) has been started-up in April 1992 for treating wastewater (whey permeate and domestic wastewater) at the Nutrinor (Lactel) cheese factory in Chambord (Québec, Canada). The MPAR consists of four superimposed sections. The liquid flows upwards from one section to the next, while the gas is collected below each plate and evacuated through side-outlets. The wastewater is concurrently distributed at the bottom of the first, second, and third sections, as 50%, 33%, and 17% of the total influent stream, respectively. Granular anaerobic sludge at an initial concentration of 30 kg of volatile suspended solids (VSS) per cubic meter of reactor liquid volume was used to inoculate the reactor. Under normal operation of the factory, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of the influent ranged from 20 to 37 kg COD m-3. The reactor organic loading rate (OLR) fluctuated between 9 and 14.7 kg COD m-3 d-1 for hydraulic retention times (HRT) maintained between 55 and 68 h. At the highest OLR, the MPAR showed an efficiency of 98% and 92% for soluble and total COD removal, respectively, and a methane production rate averaging around 4 m3 m-3 d-1.Biomass-specific activities ranged between 7 and 51, 1.3 and 8.5, 5.3 and 12.2, 60 and 119, and 119 and 211 mmol g-1 VSS d-1 for glucose, propionate, acetate, formate, and hydrogen, respectively. Average equivalent-diameter of the granules was around 0.65 mm. The MPAR reactor generally showed a large capacity for solid retention with a biomass content between 32 and 37 kg VSS m-3. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450504
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling and analysis of layered stationary anaerobic granular biofilms (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 54 (1997), S. 122-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: modeling ; layered anaerobic granular biofilms ; biofilm detachment model ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model that portrays substrate profiles in a steady-state multispecies granular biofilm is developed and coupled with a biofilm detachment model. The model accounts for glucose, propionate, hydrogen, and acetate transformations performed by three bacterial trophic groups: acidogens, syntrophic bacterial consortia, and methanogens. This model adequately describes the phenomenon of propionate degradation under thermodynamically unfavorable bulk hydrogen concentrations. Also suggested is the superiority of the layered biofilm structure over homogeneous distribution of the trophic groups for anaerobic degradation of organic compounds. Furthermore, model analysis suggests that with increasing bulk glucose concentration biofilm thickness reaches a maximum that is then followed by biofilm disintegration. These results may have an important impact on the design and control of upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 122-130, 1997.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of an upflow anaerobic reactor combining a sludge blanket and a filter treating sugar waste (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 800-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new hybrid reactor, the upflow blanket filter (UBF), which combined on open volume in the bottom two-thirds of the reactor for a sludge blanket and submerged plastic rings (Flexiring, Koch Inc., 235 m2/m3) in the upper one-third of the reactor volume, was studied. This UBF reactor was operated at 27°C at loading rates varying from 5 to 51 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L d with soluble sugar wastewater (2500 mg COD/L). Maximum removal rates of 34 g COD/L d and CH4 production rates of 7 vol/vol d [standard temperature and pressure (STP)] were obtained. The biomass activity was about 1.2 g COD/g volatile suspended solids per day. Conversion (based on effluent soluble COD) was over 93% with loading rates up to 26 g COD/L d. At higher loading rates conversion decreased rapidly. The packing was very efficient in retaining biomass.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270608
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of macroenergetic parameters for an anaerobic upflow biomass bed and filter (UBF) reactor (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 1277-1288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article reports the steady-state performance of two hybrid anaerobic digesters treating soluble synthetic sugar wastes of 1 and 0.5% strength and the assessment of the associated macroenergetic parameters (growth yield, so-called maintenance coefficient). A theoretical development shows a “nongrowth” parameter concept to be more appropriate than maintenance or decay. Combined energy and mass balances are used to develop a model for growth rate which compares well with experimental data. The COD removal efficiency had no significant effect on growth yield and the maintenance parameter, although a dual combined balance indicated the possibility of such an effect. Macroenergetic parameters did not vary significantly with the specific feeding rate of the system. We thus conclude that a single model may be used over a broad range of feeding and performance conditions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260341006
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