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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (17)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering  (7)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (24)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2293-2306 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The gases CO, CO2, and H2 were used as substrates in anaerobic fermentations producing organic acids. Various mixed bacterial sources were used, including sewage sludge digester effluent, rabbit feces, and soil. Nonsterile microorganism selection was carried out using CO2/H2 and CO/H2 as the primary carbon and energy sources. Cultures were grown in specially designed, high-pressure (to 70 psig) flasks. Methanogenic bacteria were eliminated from the cultures. Liquid products of the fermentations were acetic through caproic acids, with the even-numbered acids predominating. Carbon balances showed conclusively that acetic acid was formed from carbon contained in the CO or CO2 feed gas. Measurements made included rates of acid product formation, cell density, and degree of gas utilization. Limited characterization of the microorganisms was also performed. Production of organic acids by mixed culture inocula from CO2/H2 or CO/H2 had not been reported previously. Application of this work is to the production of organic chemicals from synthesis gas (SNG), produced by the gasification of fossil fuels (peat, lignite, and various ranks of coals), biomass (agricultural and forest residues, and various biomass crops grown expressly for energy recovery), and municipal solid waste.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 19 (1996), S. 410-419 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: General simple criteria to predict and analyze the influence on trickle-bed reactors behavior of three phenomena, namely, plug flow deviations, external wetting efficiency and external mass transfer resistance, are developed. Criteria predictions are compared with results arising from a comprehensive mathematical model widely employed to describe trickle-bed reactors behavior and with other particular criteria reported in the literature. Present criteria applications to different sets of experimental data exemplify their practical utility for various actual situations and verify their validity. Besides, they constitute simple tools to diagnose detrimental on trickle-bed reactors operation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 16 (1993), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data are reported for ion exchange equilibria of binary systems on Amberlite IR-120 resin, at different temperatures and total ionic concentrations in aqueous solutions. These systems exhibit non-ideal behaviour in both phases, and the equilibrium characterization has been based on the law of mass action, using Wilson and Meisssner, and Kusik equations to correlate the activity coefficients in the resin and aqueous solutions, respectively. Equilibrium constants, standard thermodynamic properties (Gibbs free enthalpy changes, enthalpy and entropy) and Wilson binary parameters were obtained as functions of temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 17 (1994), S. 210-215 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the pseudohomogeneous liquid phase synthesis of a high molecular weight ester in a stirred tank reactor using cobalt chloride as catalyst has been studied at various temperatures, catalyst concentrations, and acid/alcohol molar ratios. A kinetic model has been determined that predicts the experimental results quite well.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: protein engineering ; enzymes in organic solvents ; protein stabilization ; subtilisin E ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Subtilisin E was rationally engineered to improve its stability in polar organic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF). A charged surface residue, Asp248, was substituted by three amino acids of increasing hydrophobicity, Asn, Ala, and Leu; all three variants were stabilized with respect to wild type in 80% DMF. This stabilization was only observed in the presence of high concentrations of the organic solvent: no stability enhancements were observed in 40% DMF. In contrast, the mutation Asn218 → Ser alters internal hydrogen bonding interactions and stabilizes subtilisin E in both 40% and 80% DMF. This study provides additional evidence that substitution of surface-charged residues is a generally useful mechanism for stabilizing enzymes in organic media and that the stabilizing effects of such substitutions are unique to highly altered solvent environments. The effects of the single amino acid substitutions on free energies of stabilization are additive in the Asp248 → Asn + Asn218 → Ser combination variant, yielding an enzyme that is 3.4 times more stable than wild type in 80% DMF.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 459-464 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: permeabilization ; dimethyl sulfoxide ; Coleus blumei ; preconditioning ; cell viability ; rosmarinic acid ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous permeabilization of preconditioned Coleus blumei cells with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is shown to be an effective strategy for the enhanced release of rosmarinic acid (RA) while preserving cell viability. When nonpreconditioned cells were permeabilized with DMSO, they lost their viability at DMSO concentrations higher than a critical value located between 0.1% and 0.5% DMSO. Product release was low [0.49 g RA/100 g dry cell weight (DCW)] at 0.1% DMSO. Preconditioning cells at 0.1% DMSO ensured high viability at DMSO concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. Product release reached a maximum of 2.85 g RA/100 g DCW at 0.5% DMSO, which was 66.4% of the total rosmarinic acid produced. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: metabolic engineering ; carbon metabolism ; Escherichia coli mutants ; microbial growth ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Escherichia coli strains devoid of one or both of the two pyruvate kinase isoenzymes (PKA and PKF), were grown on minimal media in batch fermentations. The strain lacking both PKs showed a 28% decrease on its specific growth rate when compared to the wild type. However, protein and CO2 yields did not change. Using radioactive 1-C14 glucose and collecting the CO2 produced by the cultures, it was found that the mutant lacking both pyruvate kinases, metabolized glucose mainly through the pentose pathway (PP). The increased participation of the PP in glucose metabolism in this strain, was also reflected on the levels of the glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases.© 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:292-295, 1998.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 56 (1997), S. 62-70 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: osmotic shock ; water permeability ; mixing time constant ; mathematical model ; yeast ; leukemia K562 cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Water permeability (Lp), calculated from the volume variations of cells subjected to an osmotic shock, is classically used to characterize cell membrane properties. In this work, we have shown the importance of the kind of mixing reactor used to measure the Lp parameter. A mathematical model including the mixing time constant has been proposed allowing an accurate Lp estimation even though the mixing time constant is higher than the cell time constant obtained in response to a perfect shock. The estimated Lp values of human leukemia K562 cells were found to be the same whatever the mixing time constant. The Lp value of Saccharomyces cerevisiae could not be exactly estimated. However, S. cerevisiae has unexpectedly high water permeability, implying that this yeast may contain water channels in the membrane. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 62-70, 1997.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 7 (1989), S. 21-26 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Tyrosinase ; melanoma ; tumour proteases ; melanosome degradation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A high percentage of the total tyrosinase found in Harding-Passey mouse melanoma occurs as a soluble form. This paper shows that melanosomal tyrosinase can be solubilized by several endogenous proteases to yield active tyrosinase. This enzyme, once proteolitically solubilized, can be further degraded, leading to enzyme inactivation. The nature and specificity of the main proteases involved in the solubilization process change depending on the size and necrosis stage of the tumour. Cathepsin B could be the main protease responsible for the solubilization in small tumours (〈 0·5 g). Large tumours are rich in necrotic cells, and cathepsin D and serine-proteases are the main hydrolytic enzymes involved in the proteolytic action on mealanosomes. These results support the view that the high activity of tyrosinase found in the soluble fraction of malignant melanoma is mainly an artefact resulting from degradation of melanosomes by a variety of endogenous proteases, rather than the result of the actual occurrence of high levels of an independent cytosolic isozyme.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 11 (1993), S. 101-105 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Calcium ; cell proliferation ; calcium blockers ; FDCP-1 cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Blockade of the calcium channel inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the proliferation of the IL-3 dependent FDCP-1 cell line and normal murine bone marrow cells. Similar results were obtained by lowering the amount of extracellular calcium using specific chelators or a calcium-free medium. These results suggest that factor-dependent cell proliferation is highly sensitive to fluctuations in the concentration of extracellular calcium.
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