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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (14)
  • Coumarins, reduction of  (2)
  • Benzoquinones, substituted  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 807-817 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic Hydroxylation and Acetamidation of Conjugated DienesAnodic oxidation of 2,4-hexadiene (1), 1,3-butadiene (2), and 1,3-cyclohexadiene (3) in acetonitrile water/sodium perchlorate yields diols, 2-oxazolines, and 3-pyrrolines. Methyl sorbate (5) forms methyl 4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-hexenoate (26); 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (4) is cleaved to benzaldehyde (24) and cinnamaldehyde (25). The product distribution is influenced by the supporting electrolyte. With tetrafluoroborate nearly exclusively diols are obtained, whilst in acetamide/acetonitrile 2-oxazolines and 3-pyrrolines are formed. As intermediates radical cations (31) are assumed.
    Notes: Die anodische Oxidation von 2,4-Hexadien (1), 1,3-Butadien (2) und 1,3-Cyclohexadien (3) in Acetonitril/Wasser/Natriumperchlorat führt zu einem Gemisch aus Diolen, 2-Oxazolinen und 3-Pyrrolinen. Sorbinsäure-methylester (5) liefert 4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-hexensäure-methylester (26); 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadien (4) wird zu Benzaldehyd (24) und Zimtaldehyd (25) gespalten. Die Produktverhältnisse werden vom Leitsalz beeinflußt. In Gegenwart von Tetrafluoroborat entstehen nahezu ausschließlich Diole, während die Elektrolyse in Acetamid/Acetonitril zu 2-Oxazolinen und 3-Pyrrolinen führt. Als Zwischenprodukte werden Radikalkationen (31) angenommen.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 451-456 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kolbe Synthesis of 3,11-Dimethyl-2-nonacosanone, a Pheromone of the German Cockroach Blattella germanica3,11-Dimethyl-2-nonacosanone (5) is synthesized by coelectrolysis of 6-methyltetracosanoic acid (3b) with 5-methyl-6-oxoheptanoic acid (4). 3b is obtained by hydrolysis of the corresponding methyl ester 3a, which is prepared from 3-methylheneicosanoic acid (2) by coelectrolysis with methyl glutarate. The sec-butyl ester of 2 is obtained by 1,4-addition of octadecylmagnesium bromide to sec-butyl crotonate (1). 4 can be prepared by alkylation of potassium ethyl 2-methyl-acetoacetate with ethyl 4-bromobutyrate via 6.
    Notes: 3,11-Dimethyl-2-nonacosanon (5) wird durch Coelektrolyse von 6-Methyltetracosansäure (3b) mit 5-Methyl-6-oxoheptansäure (4) synthetisiert. 3b wird durch Verseifung des entsprechenden Methylesters 3a gewonnen, der aus 3-Methylheneicosansäure (2) durch Coelektrolyse mit Glutarsäure-monomethylester erhältlich ist. Den sek-Butylester von 2 liefert die 1,4-Addition von Octadecylmagnesiumbromid an Crotonsäure-sek-butylester (1). 4 läßt sich durch Alkylierung von Kalium-2-methylacetessigsäure-ethylester mit 4-Brombuttersäure-ethylester über 6 darstellen.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 1151-1158 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Olefins by Anodic Oxidation of β-(Trimethylsilyl)carboxylic Acids.  -  β-(Trimethylsilyl)acrylic Acid Derivatives as Acetylene equivalents in Diels-Alder ReactionsTrimethylsilyl-substituted dienophiles 1, 2 and 4 react with dienes 6-14 in 66-100% yields to give β-trimethylsilyl-substituted carboxylic acids 15-25, some of which are hydrogenated to 26-31. These are decarboxylated-desilylated to cyclic olefins 35-47 by Non-Kolbe electrolysis in 45-91% yields. The dienophiles 1, 2, and 4 are thus suitable acetylene equivalents for Diels-Alder reactions.
    Notes: Die Trimethylsilyl-substituierten Dienophile 1, 2 und 4 werden mit den Dienen 6-14 mit 66-100% Ausbeute zu β-Trimethylsilyl-substituierten Carbonsäuren 15-25 umgesetzt, von denen einige zu 26-31 hydriert werden. Diese lassen sich durch Nicht-Kolbe-Elektrolyse mit 45-91% Ausbeute zu cyclischen Olefinen 35 47 decarboxylieren-desilylieren. Die Dienophile 1, 2 und 4 sind damit günstige Acetylen-äquivalente für Diels-Alder-Reaktionen.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3898-3903 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kolbe Synthesis of Unsaturated Pheromones by Coelectrolysis with 5-Alkynoic AcidsThe alkynoic acids 5a-g are synthesized by coelectrolysis of 5-alkynoic acids 2a-c with dicarboxylic monoesters 3a-d. By reduction, Lindlar-hydrogenation, and acetylation these are converted into pheromones such as (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (7b), the pheromone of Mamestra brassicae. 2a-c can be prepared by alkynylation of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane to 1a-c, substitution by cyanide and hydrolysis.
    Notes: Durch Coelektrolyse der 5-Alkinsäuren 2a-c mit den Dicarbonsäure-monoestern 3a-d werden die Alkinsäuren 5a-g synthetisiert, die durch Reduktion, Lindlar-Hydrierung und Acetylierung in Pheromone wie (Z)-11-Hexadecenylacetat (7b), den Lockstoff der Kohleule Mamestra brassicae, übergeführt werden. 2a-c lassen sich durch Alkinylierung von 1-Brom-3-chlorpropan zu 1a-c, Cyanidsubstitution und Verseifung darstellen.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 292-297 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Optically Active Trogoderma pheromones by Kolbe-Electrolysis1)The (R)-(-)-enantiomers of (Z)- (1) and (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol (2) have been synthesized by coelectrolysis of (R)-(-)-4-methylhexanoic acid (7) with 12-(tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy)-4-dodecynoic acid (8) and its subsequent hydrogenation. The acid 7 was prepared in high optical purity from (S)-(-)-citronellol (3) by conversion of the hydroxyl group to a methyl substituent and subsequent clevage of (R)-(-)2,6-dimethyl-2-octene (4) with ozone. By alkylation of 4-pentynoic acid (5) with 1-bromo-7-(tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy)heptane (6) the alkynoic acid 8 was synthesized.
    Notes: Die (R)-(-) Enantiomeren des (Z)- (1) und (E)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ols (2) wurden durch Coelektrolyse von (R)-(-)-4-Methylhexansäure (7) mit 12-(Tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy)-4-dodecinsäure (8) und nachfolgende Hydrierung synthetisiert. Die Säure 7 wird in hoher optischer Reinheit ausgehend von (S)-(-)-Citronellol (3) durch Reduktion der Alkoholfunktion zur Methylgruppe und anschließende ozonolytische Spaltung des (R)-(-)-2,6-Dimethyl-2-octens (4) gewonnen. Durch Alkylierung von 4-Pentinsäure (5) mit 1-Brom 7-(tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) heptan (6) läßt sich die Alkinsäure 8 darstellen.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Regioselective Functionalization of Non-Activated CH-Bonds, 2. Photochemical Functionalization of the Myristoyl Group in 1,2-Alkanediyl and o-Phenylene 1-(4-Benzoylbenzoate) 2-MyristatesMyristic acid (1a) was linked with ethylene glycol (2a), trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol (2b), and catechol (2c) to 4-benzoylbenzoic acid to form the diesters 4a-c. These cyclize by photolysis to the carbinols 12, which are converted into the methyl 7- to 13-oxomyristates (5a). The ketofunctionalization of the remote CH2-groups in 1a is more selective than in the corresponding benzoylbenzoic esters 13 without the 1,2-alkanediyl or o-phenylene link. Additionally the maximum of the functionalization is shifted from the end towards the middle of the chain. The latter observation can be explained by a higher population of gauche conformations at the beginning of the chain. In CCl4 the selectivity increases slightly from 4a to 4b, c with increasing rigidity of the link. The polarity of the solvent has only a small effect on the selectivity.
    Notes: Myristinsäure (1a) wurde über Ethylenglycol (2a), trans-1,2-Cyclohexandiol (2b) und Brenzcatechin (2c) mit 4-Benzoylbenzoesäure (3a) zu den Diestern 4a-c verklammert. Diese cyclisieren photolytisch zu den Carbinolen 12, die in die Methyl-7-bis-13-oxomyristate (5a) umgewandelt werden. Die erzielte Ketofunktionalisierung der entfernten CH2-Gruppen in 1a ist selektiver als bei vergleichbaren Benzoylbenzoesäureestern 13 ohne 1,2-Alkandiyl- bzw. o-Phenylen-Klammer. Zusätzlich verschiebt sich das Funktionalisierungsmaximum vom Kettenende zur Mitte. Letzteres läßt sich mit einer stärkeren Besetzung der gauche-Konformationen am Kettenbeginn deuten. Die Selektivität nimmt in CCl4 mit zunehmender Starrheit der Klammer von 4a nach 4b, c leicht zu. Die Solvenspolarität beeinflußt die Selektivität nur wenig.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 960-969 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrochemical Reduction and Oxidation of AllenesThe allenes 1-3 are reduced on mercury at -2.17 V (sce) (1), -3.12 V (2), and below -3.30 V (3); they are oxidized on glassy carbon at 1.25, 1.65 V (1), 1.75 V (2), and above 2.25 V (3). In the preparative reduction 1 forms, depending on the workup, 86% of 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1-propene (6a) or up to 50% of aldehyde 9, a formylation product of the rearranged radical anion intermediate; on carboxylation of the electrolyte 54% of carboxylic acid 8 are formed. The allene 2 is hydrogenated to give 30% of (E)-1-phenyl-1-propene (10) and hydrodimerized to form 30% of 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diphenylbutane (11). 3 is nearly inert to reduction. The anodic oxidation of 1 yields in methylene dichloride/methanol 61-73% of 2-chloro-1,1,3-triphenylindene (13), which is probably formed by chlorine, that is electrochemically generated from methylene chloride. In methanol/dioxane 13 is not obtained but 71% of indanone 16 are produced. The oxidation of 2 and 3 is unselective; due to follow-up oxidations many products are formed in low yield.
    Notes: Die Allene 1-3 werden bei -2.17 V (gKE) (1), -3.12 V (2) und kathodischer als -3.30 V (3) an Quecksilber reduziert; an Glaskohlenstoff werden sie bei 1.25, 1.65 V (1), 1.75 V (2) und über 2.25 V (3) oxidiert.  -  Bei der präparativen Reduktion entstehen aus 1, je nach Aufarbeitung, 86% 1,1,3,3-Tetraphenyl-1-propen (6a) oder bis 50% des Aldehyds 9, ein Formylierungsprodukt des umgelagerten Radikalanions; beim Carboxylieren des Elektrolyten bilden sich 54% der Carbonsäure 8. Das Allen 2 wird zu 30% (E)-1-Phenyl-1-propen (10) hydriert und zu 30 % 2,3-Dimethyl-1,4-diphenylbutan (11) hydrodimerisiert. 3 läßt sich kaum noch reduzieren. Die anodische Oxidation von 1 führt in Methylenchlorid/Methanol zu 61-73% 2-Chlor-1,1,3-triphenylinden (13), dessen Bildung vermutlich Chlor bewirkt, das elektrochemisch aus Methylenchlorid erzeugt wird. In Methanol/Dioxan entsteht kein 13, sondern 71% des Indanons 16. Die Oxidation von 2 und 3 verläuft unselektiv; durch Folgeoxidationen bilden sich zahlreiche Produkte in niedriger Ausbeute.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Kolbe electrolysis ; Non-Kolbe electrolysis ; Carboxylic acids, α-alkoxy- ; Solvent effects ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The anodic decarboxylation of 3-oxanonanoic acid (2a) and 3-oxapentadecanoic acid (2b) in methanol leads exclusively to products of the non-Kolbe electrolysis. The influence of co-electrolysis, solvent, current density, degree of neutralization and chain length of the alkoxy group on the anodic decarboxylation of 2a, b have been investigated. An extended alkyl chain in the alkoxy group, coelectrolysis with long-chain fatty acids, ethanol or dimethylformamide as solvent, and a high current density favor the Kolbe coupling against the non-Kolbe electrolysis.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 859-873 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzoquinones, substituted ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Cathodic dioxygen reduction, mediated ; Anodic Wacker oxidation, mediated ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydroxy- (1a-3a) and hydroxyalkyl-substituted benzoquinones (6a-8a, 27a), suited to be immobilized by esterification with polyacrylic acid, are prepared. Their cathodic reduction potential Ep,c (1) correlates linearly with their substituent constant. The cathodic reduction of dioxygen and the palladium(II)-catalyzed anodic oxidation of alkenes are mediated by the benzoquinones 7b, 8b and 27b, respectively.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 946-958 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Selective Blocking of Primary or Secondary Hydroxyl Groups with Electroactive Protecting GroupsIn a diol such as 17, at first the primary OH-group is blocked with an electroactive protecting group (→ 18). Then the secondary OH-group is protected with a second group (→ 19), that is reduced at more negative potentials. Controlled potential electrolysis selectively deblocks the primary OH-group. As protecting groups the tritylone ( = 9,10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-phenyl-9-anthracenyl-) and 4-cyanobenzyl residue were suitable. With the help of a combination of these groups 1-dodecyloxy-3-octadecyloxy-2-propanol (27) was prepared starting with 1,2-O-isopropylideneglycerol (21).
    Notes: In Diolen wie 17 wird zunächst die primäre OH-Gruppe mit einer kathodisch abspaltbaren Schutzgruppen (→18), danach die sekundäre mit einer zweiten Gruppe geschützt (→ 19), die bei negativerem Potential abspaltbar ist. Potentiostatische Elektrolyse setzt nur die primäre Hydroxylgruppe frei. Als Schutzgruppen waren der Tritylon- (= 9,10-Dihydro-10-oxo-9-phenyl-9-anthracenyl-) und 4-Cyanbenzylrest geeignet. Mit Hilfe dieser Schutzgruppenkombination wurde 1-Dodecyloxy-3-octadecyloxy-2-propanol (27) ausgehend von 1,2-O-Isopropylidenglycerin (21) dargestellt.
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