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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,117)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (123)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2,240)
  • 1980-1984  (1,276)
  • 1975-1979  (964)
Collection
Keywords
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2,240)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deterioration of plastic films under soil burial conditionsIssued as N.R.C.C. # 18807. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 509-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The deterioration of polyolefin, poly(ethylene terephthalate), and polyamide films under soil burial conditions extending up to 32 months has been investigated. Based on changes in their elongation at break, the films can be ranked in order of increasing sensitivity to degradation: Polyester ≃ polypropylene 〈 low-density polyethylene ≃ high-density polyethylene 〈 nylon 6.6. The degraded nylon 6.6 and polyethylene films were characterized by infrared and luminescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as by wet analysis for hydroperoxides. From a comparison with the well-known oxidative sensitivity of nylon 6.6 in oxygenated water at slightly elevated temperatures, the rapid deterioration of nylon 6.6 film during soil burial was also concluded to be an oxidative process. The somewhat smaller, but significant, embrittlement of the polyethylenes studied could not be simply explained by thermal oxidation (with only trace oxidation products detectable) or microbiological attack (deterioration being unaffected by surface activation to enhance wettability).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260211
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The photodegradation of polypropylene. IV. UV stabilizer decomposition (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2217-2228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The destruction of various UV stabilizers in polypropylene films during irradiation has been examined both in the presence and absence of air and oxidation products. Although some stabilizers were destroyed in the absence of oxygen, all were more sensitive when irradiated in the presence of air. Several stabilizers were highly effective but were destroyed so rapidly that photoprotection of the polymer must have resulted from stabilizer products. Work with preoxidized polymer and with model hydroperoxides and peroxides indicated that most stabilizers were destroyed by the attack of oxygen-centered radicals, with peroxy radical attack appearing to dominate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220814
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    D2-m-carboranesiloxanes. VIII. Preparation and characterization of carboranesiloxane/polysulfone alternating block copolymer (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A D2-m-dodecacarboranesiloxane containing alternating block copolymer \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\rlap{--}[{\rm A}\hbox{---}{\rm B}\rlap{--}]_n$\end{document} was prepared by the reaction of a ureidosilane-terminated polysulfone hard block with a carboranesilanol-terminated carboranesiloxane oligomer. The resulting block copolymer exhibited thermoplastic elastomeric behavior. This unique polymer had excellent thermal stability up to 400°C.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture of porous polyethylene-bone composite (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 59-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Porous high-density polyethylene specimens were implanted in the femurs of mongrel canines. At the end of the residency period (3 or 6 months), the animals were sacrificed and the implants were retrieved. The work-of-fracture of the implant specimens was then determined using the technique of Tattersall and Tappin. The work required to fracture a specimen in three-point bending by controlled crack propagation through a triangular cross section was obtained directly from the load-deflection curve. The area of the resulting fracture surface was measured by macro-photographic techniques, and the work-of-fracture was calculated as work per unit area. The implants were subsequently sectioned and examined microradiographically to determine the extent of bone ingrowth. Bone specimens adjacent to the implants and porous high-density polyethylene controls (no ingrowth) were also tested to determine their work-of-fracture. The results showed that bone adjacent to the implant specimens had a higher work-of-fracture than normal medial, canine femoral bone and was not appreciably different from the composite. The work-of-fracture of porous high-density polyethylene was not significantly increased by an increase in bone infiltration, and this anomalous behavior was attributed to a degradation of the polyethylene during implant residence. Control studies supported this hypothesis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820170106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of wound-covering materials (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 11 (1977), S. 489-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Physical and in vivo (burned rat model) evaluations as wound coverings were performed for 1) a freeze-dried collagen/poly (∊-caprolactone) (PCL) film laminate, 2) a freeze-dried PCL “foam”/PCL film laminate, and 3) a heat-dried collagen/PCL film laminate. Porcine skin and cadaver skin were also evalulated in vivo for the purpose of comparison. Water-vapor transmission rates and Young's moduli were measured. The degrees of adherence of the coverings to the wound were measured. Grafts which became significantly adherent (〉150 dyne/cm2) to the wound within 1 day were most successful in promoting the formation of a viable tissue bed which appeared ready to accept further grafting. The force required to remove the PCL foam laminate from a full-thickness excision wound was found to increase from 170 dyne/cm2 on the first day postgraft to 1500 dyne/cm2 by the tenth day. The force required to remove freeze-dried collagen laminate remained constant at 200 dyne/cm2 over the 10 day test period. For the heat-dried collagen laminate, a force of only 50 dyne/cm2 was required on day 1, increasing to 200 dyne/cm2 on day 6. Insensible water-loss rates of animals grafted with the laminates were found to be similar to those from animals with human cadaver skin grafts and less than that from animals with porcine skin grafts. When moistened, the laminates prepared using the freeze-dried materials were flexible and somewhat transparent permitting observation of the wound.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820110405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platelet interaction with synthetic copolypeptide films (1979)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 13 (1979), S. 765-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Kinetic and equilibrium studies of blood platelet binding to copolypeptide films show that attachment and serotonin release are not dependent upon the composition of the copolypeptide. Data may be explained by postulating that platelets frequently collide elastically with the surface but leave behind material that modifies subsequent behavior. Similarly, material released from platelets adsorbs at the interface and the extent of attachment and serotonin release are modified and controlled by these adsorbed species. Basically, if the platelet is exposed to a clean surface, its collision with the surface leads to activation and release. In the presence of inert protein, the collision is cushioned by the protein and platelets do not attach or release to any extent. Finally, if protein (or other entities) released from the platelet provide attachment sites, than attachment occurs without release. It is postulated that the behavior of platelets at surfaces is controlled by these interrelated processes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820130508
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood-materials interactions: The minimum interfacial free energy and the optimum polar/apolar ratio hypotheses (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 16 (1982), S. 381-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Numerous hypotheses exist to explain observed blood-materials interactions. It is the purpose of this article to test two popular hypotheses, namely, the minimum interfacial free energy hypothesis and the optimum polar/apolar ratio hypothesis. Methacrylate polymers and copolymers were characterized using the captive bubble underwater contact angle method; bulk water content was determined by gravimetric methods; streaming potential measurements were made; and surface roughness and possible particulate contamination were evaluated by reflected light microscopy. In vitro blood tests include whole blood clotting time measurements on polymer-coated tubes; centrifugal force platelet adhesion on polymer-coated coverslips; and a measure of the partial thromboplastin time, Russell's viper venom time (Stypven time), and the prothrombin time of native whole blood exposed to polymer-coated microscope slides. Results suggest that platelet adhesion correlates in the opposite direction of whole blood clotting time and partial thromboplastin time, emphasizing the need for a multiparameter approach to blood-materials testing. Based on these tests the minimum interfacial free energy hypothesis is not supported. In fact, the data suggest the opposite to be true. It is apparent that platelet adhesion can be a misleading indicator of blood compatibility. Neither hypotheses can explain the apparent conflict between the platelet adhesion data and the coagulation time data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820160407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition-Depth profiling and interface analysis of surface coatings using ball cratering and the scanning auger microprobePaper presented at the International Conference on Quantitative Surface Analysis, held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK, 16-17 October 1979. (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 1 (1979), S. 204-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The provision of accurate composition-depth profiles to depths 〉 1 μm is important in the characterization and investigation of thick films, surface coatings, surface treatments and many other technologically important applications. At present, such profiles are usually achieved by sequential ion bombardment and surface analysis and hence involve many difficulties in interpretation due to the non-uniform erosion of surfaces under ion bombardment. In this paper a method of obtaining accurate depth profiles is described using a ball-cratering device. The method employs a rotating ball to fashion a well-defined spherical crater in the sample surface, the depth and width of which can be accurately controlled. The specimen is then cleaned in situ using a scanning ion beam for a short period and the composition-depth profile is obtained either by point-by-point analysis down the sloping sides of the crater wall or by using Auger line-scan techniques across the crater. Coating-substrate interface analysis can also be obtained by sputter-depth profiling at a point on the coating close to the exposed substrate. The method is not only considerably faster than ion etching, but the resulting depth profile also has a well-defined depth resolution. Composition-depth profiles through nitrocarburized mild steel surfaces and protective surface coatings are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the technique.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740010607
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean free path for inelastic scattering of 1.2 kev electrons in thin poly(methylmethacrylate) films (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 2 (1980), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mean free paths for inelastic scattering (λ) of low energy electrons in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) have been determined by measuring Al Kα excited C 1s and Si 2s photoelectron signal intensities as a function of ellipsometrically determined thicknesses of PMMA overlayers on silicon substrates. The λ values obtained are 29 ± 4 Å for 1196 eV electrons and 33 ± 5 Å for 1328 eV electrons. These data are necessary for the quantitative analysis of the surface region of PMMA and similar polymers by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnitude of the λ values determined indicates that XPS measurements can provide chemical information about the surface region of polymers, such as PMMA, in the depth range of ∼6 to 100 Å. The results of this study are compared and discussed with respect to λ values determined for other organic compounds.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740020103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    D2-m-carborane-siloxanes. III. Preparation and properties of trifluoropropyl-modified polymers (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 973-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Linear D2-m-carborane-siloxanes with one, two, and three trifluoropropyl moieties per repeat unit were prepared by the condensation reaction between bisureidosilanes and carborane disilanol. Molecular weights between 100,000 and 220,000 were obtained. Compared to fluorosilicones, the trifluoropropyl-modified carborane-siloxanes exhibited greater thermal and oxidative stability and in certain cases comparable solvent resistance. The swelling index for carborane-siloxane elastomers decreased with increasing trifluoropropyl content, although this fluorocarbon moiety did compromise the thermal stability of the carborane system.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150418
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