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  • 1
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    A Neutron Detector for the Electron Calorimeter (ECAL) Long Duration Balloon Experiment (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The highest energy measurements of cosmic ray electrons extend just beyond 1 TeV. High energy electrons are of particular interest because energy losses during interstellar propagation insure that they arrive primarily from nearby sources. This may produce observable structure in their spectrum. Further, it is predicted that electrons and positrons result from the annihilation of many exotic particles deposited as dark matter candidates. These electrons may appear as excesses in the cosmic ray electron spectrum from 200 GeV to 1000 GeV. A new long duration balloon experiment, ECAL, is being planned to provide direct cosmic ray electron measurements from approx.50 GeV to 〉1 TeV. To make these measurements ECAL must discriminate strongly against showers from protons and heavier ions. One of the techniques used to make this discrimination may be based on measuring the secondary neutrons produced by events in the instrument. The neutron detector configuration and technique will be discussed along with its expected performance based on Monte Carlo simulations.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: MSFC-380 , International Cosmic Ray Conference 2007; Jul 03, 2007 - Jul 11, 2007; Merida, Yucatan; Mexico
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Revised Energy Spectra for Primary Elements, H - Si, above 50 GeV from the ATIC-2 Science Flight (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) long duration balloon experiment had a successful science flight accumulating 18 days of data (12/02 - 1/03) during a single circumnavigation in Antarctica. ATIC measures the energy spectra of elements from H to Fe in primary cosmic rays using a fully active Bismuth Germanate calorimeter preceded by a carbon target, with embedded scintillator hodoscopes, and a silicon matrix charge detector at the top. Preliminary results from ATIC have been reported in previous conferences. The revised results reported here are derived from a new analysis of the data with improved charge resolution, lower background and revised energy calibration. The raw energy deposit spectra are de-convolved into primary energy spectra and extrapolated to the top of the atmosphere. We compare these revised results to previous data and comment upon the astrophysical interpretation of the results.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: MSFC-379 , International Cosmic Ray Conference 2007; Jul 03, 2007 - Jul 11, 2007; Merida, Yucatan; Mexico
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The Cosmic Ray Electron Excess (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This slide presentation reviews the possible sources for the apparent excess of Cosmic Ray Electrons. The presentation reviews the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) instrument, the various parts, how cosmic ray electrons are measured, and shows graphs that review the results of the ATIC instrument measurement. A review of Cosmic Ray Electrons models is explored, along with the source candidates. Scenarios for the excess are reviewed: Supernova remnants (SNR) Pulsar Wind nebulae, or Microquasars. Each of these has some problem that mitigates the argument. The last possibility discussed is Dark Matter. The Anti-Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) mission is to search for evidence of annihilations of dark matter particles, to search for anti-nuclei, to test cosmic-ray propagation models, and to measure electron and positron spectra. There are slides explaining the results of Pamela and how to compare these with those of the ATIC experiment. Dark matter annihilation is then reviewed, which represent two types of dark matter: Neutralinos, and kaluza-Kline (KK) particles, which are next explained. The future astrophysical measurements, those from GLAST LAT, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), and HEPCAT are reviewed, in light of assisting in finding an explanation for the observed excess. Also the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) could help by revealing if there are extra dimensions.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: M09-0439 , M09-0440 , Nature; 456; 362-365
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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