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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric analysis of several intracellular events occurring during the vegetative life cycle of the unicellular algaPolytoma papillatum (1982)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 110 (1982), S. 185-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Life cycle ; Chondriome ; Nucleus ; Leucoplast ; Polytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Quantitative electron microscopy of serial sections was used to study thePolytoma papillatum cell and some of its constituents (nucleus, chondriome, leucoplast) during its vegetative life cycle. The volumes of cells just entering into or passing through mitosis varied considerably and seemed to determine the number of subsequent division processes. Whereas a volumetric balance existed between the cell (100%) and the chondriome (8–9%) during the whole life cycle, there was a correlation between cell and nuclear volumes (8–10%) only during interphase growth and the onset of mitosis. At telophase the nucleus-to-cell-volume ratio was reduced to 2%, but gradually increased during cytokinesis (4.6% at early cytokinesis; 6.5% at late cytokinesis) until it reached the initial value again in newly formed daughter cells. The leucoplast-to-cell-volume ratio (10–26%) varied considerably without any recognizable dependence upon cell cycling. The mean short axis of mitochondrial profiles was proportional to the mean diameter (=thickness) of the mitochondria; the specific surface (outer membrane area per 100 μm3 mitochondrial volume), and the surface-to-volume ratio changed rhythmically. Changes in mitochondrial surface-to-volume ratio (Sc/Vc) were apparently correlated with changes in mitochondrial diameter (Dc). This relationship can be approximately described by the function Sc/Vc=4/Dc. Deviations of the surface-to-volume ratios of the nuclei from the surface-to-volume ratios of idealized spheres of equal size, indicating profound changes in nuclear shape, were found mainly during mitosis. Results were compared with those obtained from other morphometric investigations and discussed with regard to their functional meaning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01283321
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric and chronobiological studies on the dynamics of the nuclear envelope and the nucleolus during mitosis of the colorless phytoflagellatePolytoma papillatum (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 118 (1983), S. 19-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Mitosis ; Nuclear envelope ; Nucleolus ; Polytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Quantitative electron microscopy of serial sections was used to study the cyclical changes in the nucleus ofPolytoma papillatum during its vegetative life cycle with special reference to mitosis. Particular attention was paid to the fluctuations in the nuclear volume, the nuclear envelope, and the nucleolus. Whereas a volumetric balance exists between the cell (100%) and the nucleus (ca. 8%) from early interphase to late anaphase, the nucleus-to-cell volume ratio is gradually reduced up to ca. 2% during telophase. This disproportion is gradually equalized during cytokinesis. The decrease in nuclear size is brought about by: (a) Constrictive abscission of hernia-like protrusions of the nucleus (“blebbing process”); (b) Ade novo production of membraneous septa across peripheral regions of the nucleus (“internal septation”). Just before or immediately after completion of this internal compartmentalization of the nucleus, the original envelope opens, releasing a portion of nucleoplasm into the cytoplasm (“membrane sluice process”); (c) Gaps in the nuclear envelope were occasionally found during telophase and may also permit nucleoplasm to leak out. Disorganization of the nucleolos, which is preceded by blending of its two major components (pars fibrosa, pars granulosa) starts at prophase via fragmentation. Subsequent dispersion continues until the nucleolus is more or less homogeneously distributed across the metaphase nucleus. During anaphase a good deal of the preexisting material recondenses around the separating chromosomes, but a considerable amount remains dispersed in the nucleoplasm and is extruded into the cytoplasm during nuclear volume reduction. Reorganization of the nucleolus occurs during telophase and early cytokinesis via further coalescence of the recondensed material and simultaneous reconstruction of the spatial separation of pars fibrosa and pars granulosa. Morphofunctional aspects of nucleo- and nucleologenesis are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01284743
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  • 3
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    Spiral Arms in the Asymmetrically Illuminated Disk of MWC 758 and Constraints on Giant Planets (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present the first near-IR scattered light detection of the transitional disk associated with the Herbig Ae star MWC 758 using data obtained as part of the Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru, and 1.1 micrometer Hubble Space Telescope/NICMOS data. While submillimeter studies suggested there is a dust-depleted cavity with r = 0".35, we find scattered light as close as 0".1 (20-28 AU) from the star, with no visible cavity at H, K', or Ks . We find two small-scaled spiral structures that asymmetrically shadow the outer disk. We model one of the spirals using spiral density wave theory, and derive a disk aspect ratio of h approximately 0.18, indicating a dynamically warm disk. If the spiral pattern is excited by a perturber, we estimate its mass to be 5(exp +3)(sub -4) M(sub J), in the range where planet filtration models predict accretion continuing onto the star. Using a combination of non-redundant aperture masking data at L' and angular differential imaging with Locally Optimized Combination of Images at K' and Ks , we exclude stellar or massive brown dwarf companions within 300 mas of the Herbig Ae star, and all but planetary mass companions exterior to 0".5. We reach 5 sigma contrasts limiting companions to planetary masses, 3-4 M(sub J) at 1".0 and 2 M(sub J) at 1".55, using the COND models. Collectively, these data strengthen the case for MWC 758 already being a young planetary system.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN7227 , The Astorhysical Journal; 762; 1; 48
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  • 4
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    STIS Coronagraphy (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: HST Coronagraphs HST has supported 3 coronagraphs: NICMOS, ACS, and STIS. Bulk of image properties are set by the OTA, but instrumental effects are also present. None of the HST coronagraphs have been optimal:ACS spot size issues, NICMOS parts moving in dewar, STIS incomplete apodization, and lack of peakdown software.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN8374
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  • 5
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    Images of the Extended Outer Regions of the Debris Ring around HR 4796 A (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: We present high-contrast images of HR 4796 A taken with Subaru/HiCIAO in H-band, resolving the debris disk in scattered light. The application of specialized angular differential imaging methods (ADI) allows us to trace the inner edge of the disk with high precision, and reveals a pair of "streamers" extending radially outwards from the ansae. Using a simple disk model with a power-law surface brightness profile, we demonstrate that the observed streamers can be understood as part of the smoothly tapered outer boundary of the debris disk, which is most visible at the ansae. Our observations are consistent with the expected result of a narrow planetesimal ring being ground up in a collisional cascade, yielding dust with a wide range of grain sizes. Radiation forces leave large grains in the ring and push smaller grains onto elliptical, or even hyperbolic trajectories. We measure and characterize the disk's surface brightness profile, and confirm the previously suspected offset of the disk's center from the star's position along the ring's major axis. Furthermore, we present first evidence for an offset along the minor axis. Such offsets are commonly viewed as signposts for the presence of unseen planets within a disk's cavity. Our images also offer new constraints on the presence of companions down to the planetary mass regime (approx 9 M(sub Jup) at 0".5, approx 3 M(sub Jup) at 1").
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: GSFC.JA.6269.2012
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  • 6
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    An Icy Kuiper-Belt Around the Young Solar-Type Star HD 181327 (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: HD 181327 is a young Main Sequence F5/F6 V star belonging to the Beta Pictoris moving group (age approx 12 Myr). It harbors an optically thin belt of circumstellar material at approx90 AU, presumed to result from collisions in a populat.ion of unseen planetesimals. Aims. We aim to study the dust properties in the belt in great details, and to constrain the gas-to-dust ratio. Methods. We obtained far-IR photometric observations of HD 181327 with the PACS instrument onboard the Herschel Space Observatory, complemented by new 3.2 nun observations carried with the ATCA array. The geometry of the belt is constrained with newly reduced HST /NICMOS scattered light images that break the degeneracy between the disk geometry and the dust properties. We then use the radiative transfer code GRaTer to compute a large grid of dust models, and we apply a Bayesian inference method to identify the grain models that best reproduce the SED. We attempt to detect the oxygen and ionized carbon fine-structure lines with Herschel/PACS spectroscopy, providing observables to our photochemical code ProDiMo. Results. The HST observations confirm that the dust is confined in a narrow belt. The continuum is detected with Herschel/PACS completing nicely the SED in the far-infrared. The disk is marginally resolved with both PACS and ATCA. A medium integration of the gas spectral lines only provides upper limits on the [OI] and [CII] line fluxes. We show that the HD 181327 dust disk consists of micron-sized grains of porous amorphous silicates and carbonaceous material surrounded by an import.ant layer of ice for a total dust mass of approx 0.05 stellar Mass. We discuss evidences that the grains consists of fluffy aggregates. The upper limits on the gas atomic lines do not provide unambiguous constraints: only if the PAH abundance is high, the gas mass must be lower than approx 17 Stellar Mass Conclusions. Despite the weak constraints on the gas disk, the age of HD 181327 and the properties of the dust disk suggest that it has passed the stage of gaseous planets formation. The dust reveals a population of icy planetesimals, similar to the primitive Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt, that may be a source for the future delivery of water and volatiles onto forming terrestrial planets.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: GSFC.JA.5863.2012
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  • 7
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    An Icy Kuiper Belt Around the Young Solar-type Star HD 181327 (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Context. HD 181327 is a young main sequence F5/F6 V star belonging to the Beta Pictoris moving group (age approx.. 12 Myr). It harbors an optically thin belt of circumstellar material at radius approx.. 90 AU, presumed to result from collisions in a population of unseen planetesimals. Aims. We aim to study the dust properties in the belt in details, and to constrain the gas-to-dust ratio. Methods. We obtained far-infrared photometric observations of HD 181327 with the PACS instrument onboard the Herschel Space Observatory, complemented by new 3.2 mm observations carried with the ATCA array. The geometry of the belt is constrained with newly reduced HST/NICMOS scattered light images that allow the degeneracy between the disk geometry and the dust properties to be broken. We then use the radiative transfer code GRaTeR to compute a large grid of models, and we identify the grain models that best reproduce the spectral energy distribution (SED) through a Bayesian analysis. We attempt to detect the oxygen and ionized carbon fine-structure lines with Herschel/PACS spectroscopy, providing observables to our photochemical code ProDiMo. Results. The HST observations confirm that the dust is confined in a narrow belt. The continuum is detected with Herschel/PACS completing nicely the SED in the far-infrared. The disk is marginally resolved with both PACS and ATCA. A medium integration of the gas spectral lines only provides upper limits on the [OI] and [CII] line fluxes.We show that the HD 181327 dust disk consists of micron-sized grains of porous amorphous silicates and carbonaceous material surrounded by an important layer of ice, for a total dust mass of approx.. 0.05 Solar Mass (in grains up to 1 mm). We discuss evidences that the grains consists of fluffy aggregates. The upper limits on the gas atomic lines do not provide unambiguous constraints: only if the PAH abundance is high, the gas mass must be lower than approx. 17 Solar Mass. Conclusions. Despite the weak constraints on the gas disk, the age of HD 181327 and the properties of the dust disk suggest that it has passed the stage of gaseous planets formation. The dust reveals a population of icy planetesimals, similar to the primitive Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, that may be a source for the future delivery of water and volatiles onto forming terrestrial planets.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN11044 , Astronomy & Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 539; A17
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