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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (347)
  • Meteorology and Climatology
  • 2005-2009  (185)
  • 1975-1979  (348)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
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    The Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) was conducted September 27 through October 22, 2004 on the North Slope of Alaska. The primary objective was to collect a data set suitable to study interactions between microphysics, dynamics and radiative transfer in mixed-phase Arctic clouds. Observations taken during the 1997/1998 Surface Heat and Energy Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) experiment revealed that Arctic clouds frequently consist of one (or more) liquid layers precipitating ice. M-PACE sought to investigate the physical processes of these clouds utilizing two aircraft (an in situ aircraft to characterize the microphysical properties of the clouds and a remote sensing aircraft to constraint the upwelling radiation) over the Department of Energy s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) on the North Slope of Alaska. The measurements successfully documented the microphysical structure of Arctic mixed-phase clouds, with multiple in situ profiles collected in both single-layer and multi-layer clouds over two ground-based remote sensing sites. Liquid was found in clouds with temperatures down to -30 C, the coldest cloud top temperature below -40 C sampled by the aircraft. Remote sensing instruments suggest that ice was present in low concentrations, mostly concentrated in precipitation shafts, although there are indications of light ice precipitation present below the optically thick single-layer clouds. The prevalence of liquid down to these low temperatures could potentially be explained by the relatively low measured ice nuclei concentrations.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    An Intercomparison of Microphysical Retrieval Algorithms for Upper Tropospheric Ice Clouds (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The large horizontal extent, location in the cold upper troposphere, and ice composition make cirrus clouds important modulators of the earth's radiation budget and climate. Cirrus cloud microphysical properties are difficult to measure and model because they are inhomogeneous in nature and their ice crystal size distribution and habit are not well characterized. Accurate retrievals of cloud properties are crucial for improving the representation of cloud scale processes in large-scale models and for accurately predicting the earth's future climate. A number of passive and active remote sensing retrieval algorithms exist for estimating the microphysical properties of upper tropospheric clouds. We believe significant progress has been made in the evolution of these retrieval algorithms in the last decade, however, there is room for improvement. Members of the Atmospheric Radiation measurement program (ARM) Cloud properties Working Group are involved in an intercomparison of optical depth(tau), ice water path, and characteristic particle size in clouds retrieved using ground-based instruments. The goals of this intercomparison are to evaluate the accuracy of state-of-the-art algorithms, quantify the uncertainties, and make recommendations for improvement.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Aerosol and Cloud Observations and Data Products by the GLAS Polar Orbiting Lidar Instrument (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) launched in 2003 is the first polar orbiting satellite lidar. The instrument was designed for high performance observations of the distribution and optical scattering cross sections of clouds and aerosol. The backscatter lidar operates at two wavelengths, 532 and 1064 nm. Both receiver channels meet and exceed their design goals, and beginning with a two month period through October and November 2003, an excellent global lidar data set now exists. The data products for atmospheric observations include the calibrated, attenuated backscatter cross section for cloud and aerosol; height detection for multiple cloud layers; planetary boundary layer height; cirrus and aerosol optical depth and the height distribution of aerosol and cloud scattering cross section profiles. The data sets are now in open release through the NASA data distribution system. The initial results on global statistics for cloud and aerosol distribution has been produced and in some cases compared to other satellite observations. The sensitivity of the cloud measurements is such that the 70% global cloud coverage result should be the most accurate to date. Results on the global distribution of aerosol are the first that produce the true height distribution for model inter-comparison.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: AMS 85th Annual Meeting; Jan 09, 2005 - Jan 13, 2005; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Source Attribution and Interannual Variability of Arctic Pollution in Spring Constrained by Aircraft (ARCTAS, ARCPAC) and Satellite (AIRS) Observations of Carbon Monoxide (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: We use aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC campaigns in April 2008 together with multiyear (2003-2008) CO satellite data from the AIRS instrument and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to better understand the sources, transport, and interannual variability of pollution in the Arctic in spring. Model simulation of the aircraft data gives best estimates of CO emissions in April 2008 of 26 Tg month-1 for Asian anthropogenic, 9.1 for European anthropogenic, 4.2 for North American anthropogenic, 9.3 for Russian biomass burning (anomalously large that year), and 21 for Southeast Asian biomass burning. We find that Asian anthropogenic emissions are the dominant source of Arctic CO pollution everywhere except in surface air where European anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance. Synoptic pollution influences in the Arctic free troposphere include contributions of comparable magnitude from Russian biomass burning and from North American, European, and Asian anthropogenic sources. European pollution dominates synoptic variability near the surface. Analysis of two pollution events sampled by the aircraft demonstrates that AIRS is capable of observing pollution transport to the Arctic in the mid-troposphere. The 2003-2008 record of CO from AIRS shows that interannual variability averaged over the Arctic cap is very small. AIRS CO columns over Alaska are highly correlated with the Ocean Nino Index, suggesting a link between El Nino and northward pollution transport. AIRS shows lower-than-average CO columns over Alaska during April 2008, despite the Russian fires, due to a weakened Aleutian Low hindering transport from Asia and associated with the moderate 2007-2008 La Nina. This suggests that Asian pollution influence over the Arctic may be particularly large under strong El Nino conditions.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: LF99-9493
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Single-Particle Measurements of Midlatitude Black Carbon and Light-Scattering Aerosols from the Boundary Layer to the Lower Stratosphere (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: A single-particle soot photometer (SP2) was flown on a NASA WB-57F high-altitude research aircraft in November 2004 from Houston, Texas. The SP2 uses laser-induced incandescence to detect individual black carbon (BC) particles in an air sample in the mass range of approx.3-300 fg (approx.0.15-0.7 microns volume equivalent diameter). Scattered light is used to size the remaining non-BC aerosols in the range of approx.0.17-0.7 microns diameter. We present profiles of both aerosol types from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere from two midlatitude flights. Results for total aerosol amounts in the size range detected by the SP2 are in good agreement with typical particle spectrometer measurements in the same region. All ambient incandescing particles were identified as BC because their incandescence properties matched those of laboratory-generated BC aerosol. Approximately 40% of these BC particles showed evidence of internal mixing (e.g., coating). Throughout profiles between 5 and 18.7 km, BC particles were less than a few percent of total aerosol number, and black carbon aerosol (BCA) mass mixing ratio showed a constant gradient with altitude above 5 km. SP2 data was compared to results from the ECHAM4/MADE and LmDzT-INCA global aerosol models. The comparison will help resolve the important systematic differences in model aerosol processes that determine BCA loadings. Further intercomparisons of models and measurements as presented here will improve the accuracy of the radiative forcing contribution from BCA.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (ISSN 0148-0227); 111
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stationary phases for gas chromatography; chemical stability of polysiloxanes (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Stationary phases of polysiloxane-type degrade in acidic solution ; Several salt traces affect stability at high temperature NaCl on Duran-5O: no effect at 260°C ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of polysiloxanes have been shown to be sensitive to acids when dissolved in chloroform.At 26O°C polysiloxanes were found to degrade under the influence of several compounds used or produced during the preparation of glass capillary columns.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240020707
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of diluted solutions of silicone stationary phases during storage (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 69-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Stationary phases, chemical stability in solutions ; SE 30, SE 54 in chloroform or toluene show rapid depolymerization (HCL-, Tetramethylammoniu hydroxide-traces responsible) ; Solutions with decreased molecular weight of silicon phase give decreased film thickness (Hg plug technique) and increased tailing in glass capillary impregnation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240020204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample size in gas chromatography (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 306-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; calculation of sample size ; simplest formula ; any type of GC column used ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240010608
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The identification of 6-methoxy 8-aminoquionoline as a metabolite of primaquine in man (1975)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 304-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The identification of 6-methoxy 8-aminoquinoline as a metabolite of Primaquine, an important antimalarial drug, is described. The metabolite is present in urine, plasma and erythrocytes following drug ingestion. It was identified by mass fragmentography of its 1H and 2H acetate and the acetate produced from authentic material. No evidence of further metabolites was obtained.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200020605
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo metabolism of cannabinol by the mouse and rat and a comparison with the metabolism of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiolAbbreviations: THC = tetrahydrocannabinol; CBD = cannabidiol; CBN = cannabinol. (1977)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1977), S. 364-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The in vivo liver metabolism of cannabinol has been studied in the mouse and rat by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Cannabinol glucuronide was the major metabolite of cannabinol in the mouse and was accompanied by relatively large amounts of 7-hydroxycannabinol, cannabinol-7-oic acid and their corresponding glucuronide conjugates. Lower concentrations of glucuronides were found in the rat. Two series of disubstituted metabolites were found containing either a 7-hydroxyl or a 7-carboxylic acid group and a second hydroxyl group in the 1″-4″ positions of the sidechain. These were of low concentration in the mouse but higher in the rat; 1″-hydroxy metabolites were particularly abundant in the latter species. Also found in the rat livers were small amounts of sidechain monohydroxy metabolites and larger quantities of 4″,5″-bisnorcannabinol-3″-oic acid; these were absent in the mouse. The metabolites were identified using the trimethylsilyl (TMS),[2H9]TMS and methyl ester-TMS derivatives, and by reduction of acid metabolites with lithium aluminium deuteride to the corresponding alcohols.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200040608
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