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  • General Chemistry  (75)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (16)
  • Amines  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 1309-1323 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nucleophilic Thioacylation with Thiocarbamoyllithium Derivatives of sec. AminesThe possibilities of direct H/metal-exchange at formyl groups to give unmasked nucleophilic acylating reagents C are considered. In contrast to nitrosamines of sec. amines which show CH-acidity at the saturated carbon next to nitrogen, thioformamides 1 are smoothly metalated at the formyl carbon (lithium diisopropylamide, THF-solvent, -100°C). The title compounds 2 thus available react in good yields especially with carbonyl compounds to produce thioamides 3 and 4 of higher α-hydroxycarboxylic acids. We did not succeed in generating stable lithiocarbamoyls 2d and 2j derived from phenyl substituted thioformamides. As Shown in scheme 1, the diphenylthioformamide anion 2j could be trapped in situ, while it appears to dimerize to 9 in the absence of electrophiles. The isolated products 11-13 can be considered as derivatives of 9.
    Notes: Die Möglichkeiten des direkten H/Metall-Austauschs an Formylgruppen zu unmaskierten nucleophilen Acylierungsmitteln C werden erörtert. Im Gegensatz Nitrosaminen sekundärer Amine wie, F, die neben dem Stickstoff am gesättigten Kohlenstoff CH-acid sind, werden Thioformamide 1 bei Temperaturen um -100°C in Tetrahydrofuran von Lithiumdiisopropylamid glatt am Formyl-C-Atom metalliert. Die so zugänglichen Thiocarbamoyllithium-Verbindungen 2 setzen sich in guten Ausbeuten vor allem mit Carbonylverbindungen um. Bei phenylsubstituierten Thioformamiden gelingt es nicht, für kurze Zeit stabile Lithiumcarbamoyle wie 2d oder 2j zu erzeugen. Wie in Schema 1 gezeigt, kann man das Diphenylderivat 2j aber in situ abfangen; in Abwesenheit eines Elektrophils entsteht offensichtlich ein Dimeres 9. dessen Folgeprodukte 11-13 isoliert wurden.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 1337-1361 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Generation and Synthetic Use of Metallated Dimethylhydrazones Regio and Stereoselective Alkylation of Carbonyl CompoundsDimethylhydrazones (DMH's) 6-10 of enolizable aldehydes and ketones can be metallated quantitatively in α-position by n-butyllithium and/or lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran. The lithio derivatives thus obtained (11-14) are highly reactive carbon nucleophiles. Their application as enolate equivalents is demonstrated via the sequence carbonyl compound, DMH-derivative, metallation, reaction with alkyl halides (→ 16, 18, 19), and cleavage to the α-substituted carbonyl compound (17) in a number of examples. Apart from some special cases, the alkylations occur regiospecificly at the less substituted carbon atom. Cyclohexanone derivatives are selectively axially alkylated, allowing for example the preparation of trans-disubstituted cyclohexanones. An efficient new conversion of dimethylhydrazones to carbonyl compounds under mild conditions (pH 7, room temperature) by oxidative hydrolysis has been developed. Advantages of the procedure are discussed briefly.
    Notes: Dimethylhydrazone (DMH's) 6-10 von enolisierbaren Aldehyden und Ketonen können mit n-Butyllithium und/oder Lithium-diisopropylamid in Tetrahydrofuran quantitativ in α-Stellung metalliert werden. Die so erhaltenen Lithiumderivate 11-14 sind hochreaktive Kohlenstoffnucleophile. Ihre Verwendung als Enolatäquivalente wird über die Sequenz Carbonylverbindung, DMH-Derivat. Metallierung, Reaktion mit Alkylhalogeniden (→ 16, 18, 19) und Spaltung zur α-substituierten Carbonylverbindung (17) an einer Anzahl von Beispielen demonstriert. Die Alkylierungen erfolgen, von Spezialfällen abgesehen, regiospezifisch am weniger substituierten Kohlenstoffatom. Cyclohexanonderivate werden stereoselektiv axial alkyliert, was zur Darstellung von trans-disubstituierten Cyclohexanonen ausgenutzt wird. Zur quantitativen Spaltung der Dimethylhydrazone zurück zu den Carbonylverbindungen unter milden Bedingungen (pH 7, Raumtemperatur) wurde eine neue oxidative Hydrolyse entwickelt. Die Vorteile der Methode werden kurz diskutiert.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 1852-1865 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Lithiation and Electrophilic Substitution at α-Methylene Groups of Nitrosamines Reactivity Umpolung of Secondary Amines1,2)The electrophilic substitution at the α-position of nitrogen of secondary amines (A → B) has a broad scope. H/Li-exchange can be carried out with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) at -78°C in THF at methylene groups of open chain (1) and cyclic (9-12) nitrosamines. The resulting lithio derivatives react in high yields with alkyl, allyl, and benzyl halides as well as with aldehydes and ketones to give products 3 and 13-16 under C—C-bond formation. The reaction is also used for cyclizations (°11, 18—20). Most of the nitrosamines prepared are denitrosated to the parent amines.
    Notes: Die elektrophile Substitution in α-Stellung zum Stickstoff sek. Amine (A → B) über metallierte Nitrosamine besitzt große Anwendungsbreite. Der H/Li-Austausch gelingt bei - 78°C in THF an Methylengruppen von offenkettigen (1) und cyclischen (9-12) Nitrosaminen mit Lithium-diisopropylamid (LDA). Umsetzung der Li-Derivate mit Alkyl-, Allyl- und Benzylhalogeniden sowie mit Aldehyden und Ketonen führt in hohen Ausbeuten unter C—C-Verknüpfung zu den Produkten 3 und 13—16. Die Reaktion wird auch für Cyclisierungen zu 11 und 18-20 eingesetzt. Die meisten der hergestellten Nitrosamine werden zu den freien Aminen entnitrosiert.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 1362-1383 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthetic Routes to Polyfunctional Molecules via Metallated DimethylhydrazonesReactions of metallated dimethylhydrazones (DMH's) with electrophiles such as saturated and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and oxiranes are used to effect overall regiospecific C—C bond formation in the α-position to a carbonyl group. Oxidative hydrolysis of the resulting hydrazones leads to a wide variety of functionalized carbonyl compounds. The high efficiency and selectivity of the method is demonstrated in a variety of examples which include regiospecific aldol reactions, the preparation of γ-hydroxycarbonyl, 1,4-, and 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds (regiospecific Robinson annulation, DMH-cuprates), carbonyl olefination to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes via α-silylated DMH's as well as the regiospecific γ-functionalisation of crotonaldehyde-DMH. Doubly metallated methyl acetoacetate DMH reacts with carbonyl compounds to give 5,6-dihydro-α-pyrone derivatives, which can be hydrolyzed to hydroxyketo-carboxylic acids.
    Notes: Reaktionen von metallierten Dimethylhydrazonen (DMH's) 3 mit Elektrophilen, wie gesättigten und α-β-ungesättigten Carbonylverbindungen und Oxiranen. werden zu regiospezifischen C—C-Verknüpfungen in α-Stellung zur Carbonylgruppe ausgenutzt. Oxidative Hydrolyse der resultierenden Produkthydrazone 4, 8, 14, 23 führt zu synthetisch wertvollen, polyfunktionellen Molekülen. Die hohe Effektivität und Selektivität der Methode wird an einer Vielzahl von Beispielen, wie regiospezifischen Aldol-Reaktionen (→ 5, 7), der Darstellung von γ-Hydroxycarbonyl- 9, 10, 1,4- 11, 12 und 1,5-Dicarbonylverbindungen 15-18 (regiospezifische Robinson-Anellierung 19, DMH-Cuprate 13), Carbonylolefinierungen zu α,β-ungesättigten Aldehyden 20 über α-silylierte DMH's 21 sowie der regiospezifischen γ-Funktionalisierung von Crotonaldehyd-DMH demonstriert (→ 25). Doppelt metalliertes Acetessigsäure-methylester-DMH (27) reagiert mit Carbonylverbindungen zu 5,6-Dihydro-α-pyron-Derivaten 28, die zu Hydroxyketo-carbonsäuren 29 hydrolysiert werden können.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 1879-1886 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Metalated Nitrosamines with Nitriles. A Novel Access to ν-TriazolesNon-enolizable nitriles 1 and Li-nitrosamines 2 combine according to scheme E to give 1,2,3-triazoles 3 in yields ranging from 45 to 90%. While the new triazole synthesis is sensitive to structural variations in the nitrile component, its scope with respect to the nitrosamine is broad: di- (3a-i) and trisubstituted triazoles (e.g. 3j) as well as bicyclic derivatives (3k-m) are accessible. The reaction mechanism is discussed.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von nicht enolisierbaren, aromatischen Nitrilen 1 mit Li-Nitrosaminen 2 liefert nach Schema E mit 45-90% Ausbeute 1,2,3-Triazole 3. Während die neue Triazolsynthese empfindlich auf Strukturvariationen der Nitrilkomponente anspricht, hat sie in bezug auf die einsetzbaren Nitrosamine eine große Anwendungsbreite: di- (3a-i) und trisubstituierte Triazole (z. B. 3j) und bicyclische Vertreter (3k-m) sind zugänglich. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 515-524 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dimethylhydrazones, metalated ; Acylation, regioselective ; 1,3-Diketones ; α-Cyano dimethylhydrazones ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acyclic and cyclic unsymmetrical ketones 1 are regioselectively acylated via their corresponding metalated dimethyl-hydrazones 3 by using acid chlorides or anhydrides, arylnitriles, ethyl formate, carbon disulfide/methyl iodide, alkyl chloroformates, dialkyl carbonates, phenyl isocyanate, or phenyl isothiocyanate as acylating agents. Subsequent acidic hydrolysis leads to the 1,3-diketones 6 in acceptable to excellent overall yields. The tautomeric structure of the product hydrazones 4, 5, 7, and 8 is determined. Cyanation of 3 with cyanogen bromide affords the α-cyano dimethylhydrazones 9.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1223-1227 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Asymmetrische Michael-Additionen via SAMP-/RAMP-Hydrazone. - Enantioselektive Synthese von β-substituierten δ-Oxopentausäureestern und δ-Lactonen1)Asymmetrische Michael-Addition von metalliertem Acetaldehyd-SAMP- oder -RAMP-Hydrazon (S)- oder (R)-2 an α,β-ungesättigte Carbonsäureester 3 liefert nach anschließender oxidativer Spaltung durch Ozonolyse die β-substituierten δ-Oxopentansäureester (R)- oder (S)-5 in hohen Enantiomerenüberschüssen (ee = 90 bis ≧ 96%). Racemisierungsfreie Reduktion und Cyclisierung führt zu den entsprechenden optisch aktiven δ-Lactonen (R)- oder (S)-7.
    Notes: Asymmetric Michael addition of metalated acetaldehyde SAMP- or RAMP-hydrazone (S)- or (R)-2 to α,β-unsaturated esters 3 and subsequent oxidative cleavage by ozonolysis yields the β-substituted δ-oxopentanoates (R)- or (S)-5 with high enantiomeric excesses (ee = 90 to ≧ 96%). Racemization-free reduction and cyclization affords the corresponding optically active δ-lactones (R)- or (S)-7.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: SAMP Hydrazones ; RAMP Hydrazones ; MIRC reactions ; Cycloalkanecarboxyl acid esters ; Sulfones ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2-trans-substituted Cycloalkanecarboxylates and Sulfones by Michael-Initiated Cyclisation via SAMP / RAMP Hydrazones[1,2]An efficient and flexible synthesis of 1,2-trans-substituted cycloalkanecarboxylates and sulfones of high diastereo- and enantiomeric purity is described. The key step of the procedure is a Michael-initiated ring closure (MIRC) reaction employing the SAMP/RAMP hydrazone method. Depending on the chain length of the ω-bromo(iodo)enoates 2, 3 and the type of ketone SAMP-hydrazone 1, 3-, 5-, 6- and 7-membered cycloalkane-carboxylates 4-7 or cyclopentanesulfones 24 bearing two or three stereogenic centers are formed with very high asymmetric induction. In the same manner, MIRC reactions with ω-(ethoxycarbonyl)enoate 26 give rise to 3-substituted cyclopentanone-2-carboxylates 27, but with lower overall chemical yields. The relative and absolute configurations are based on X-ray structure analyses, spectroscopic and mechanistic investigations.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1731-1735 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Asymmetrische Michael-Additionen via SAMP-/RAMP-Hydrazone. - Enantioselektive 1,4-Addition von Methylketonen an Knoevenagel-Akzeptoren1)Asymmetrische Michael-Addition von lithiierten Methylketon-SAMP-Hydrazonen (S)-2 an 2-Benzylidenmalonsäureester und -dinitrile 3 und anschließende oxidative Spaltung der 1,4-Addukte (SR)-4 durch Ozonolyse liefert 2-substituierte 4-Oxodiester und -dinitrile (R)-5 in guten Gesamtausbeuten von 50-82% und hohen Enantiomerenüberschüssen (ee ≧ 95%).
    Notes: Asymmetric Michael addition of lithiated methyl ketone SAMP-hydrazones (S)-2 to 2-benzylidenemalonates and -dinitriles 3 followed by oxidative cleavage of the 1,4-adducts (SR)-4 by ozonolysis affords 2-substituted 4-oxo diesters and -dinitriles (R)-5 in good overall yields of 50-82% and high enantiomeric excesses (ee ≧ 95%).
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1995-2004 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chiral homoenolate equivalents ; Alkylation ; Chiral 1-aminoallyl anions ; Chiral aldehydes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chiral Homoenolate Equivalents, II.  -  Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Substituted 3-Phenylpropionaldehydes via metallated chiral CinnamylaminesThe diasteromeric excess obtained in alkylation reactions of the chiral homoenolate equivalent 22 with prolinol ether as chiral auxiliary leading to the formation of phenylpropionaldehydes 24 depends strongly on the solvent used. The structure of the alkylating reagent on the other hand is not important. The best results (about 9:1) are obtained in tert-butyl methyl ether as solvent. Other chiral auxiliaries testet were uneffective.
    Notes: Die bei der Alkylierung des chiralen Homoenolat-Äquivalentes 22 mit Prolinolether als chiraler Hilfsgruppe zu den Phenylpropionldehyden 24 erzielbaren Diastereomerenüberschüsse hängen sehr stark von dem verwendeten Lösungsmittel ab. Die Art des Alkylierungsmittels spielt dagegen keine große Rolle. Die besten Ergebnisse (etwa 9:1) erzielt man in tert-Butylmethylether als Lösungsmittel. Der Einsatz anderer chiraler Auxiliare war nicht erfolgreich.
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