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  • 2-hexanone  (1)
  • African elephant  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for collection, long-term storage, and bioassay of labile volatile chemosignals (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 207-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chemosignal ; pheromone ; Asian elephant ; Elephas maximus ; temporal gland secretion ; musth ; avoiding reactions ; headspace analysis ; 2-hexanone ; 3-pentanone ; 1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure for headspace sampling and long-term storage of organic volatiles coupled with gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis was used to study the volatile chemosignals in a biological secretion prior to bioassay. The approach involved collecting the volatiles in evacuated canisters from an apparatus in which 1 ml of secretion was dispersed for headspace sampling. These canisters, stainless steel, 850 ml, and 100% internally electropolished, have been demonstrated to store volatile compounds, in chemically stable form, for several weeks. The GC-MS analyses provided the quantitation and identification of compounds from C3 through C14 at concentrations as low as 0.10 parts per billion volume. The approach was used to study chemosignals of musth temporal gland secretions (TGS) from a male Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Fresh TGS material loses its biological activity within 1 hr. TGS material stored at −20°C usually looses its activity within 30 days. The usefulness of this method for long-term storage of the volatile chemosignals was demonstrated by the retention of biologically active TGS headspace compounds, as determined through bioassays, stored in these canisters for one year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055093
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constituents of temporal gland secretion of the African elephant,Loxodonta africana (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 821-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: African elephant ; Loxodonta africana ; temporal gland secretion ; farnesol ; sesquiterpenes ; phenol ; cresol ; cholesterol ; proteins ; urea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Temporal gland secretion (TGS), obtained from 15 different mature African elephants in Kruger National Park was analyzed for volatile constituents. Only five volatile components were present.p-Cresol was present in all samples, but phenol was found as an appreciable component of only one sample and as trace amounts in six others. Three sesquiterpenes were identified, the latter two being new natural products:E-farnesol, farnesol hydrate (3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadien-1,7-diol), and farnesol dihydrate (3,7,11-trimethyl-2-dodecen-1,7,11-triol). These sesquiterpenes represent the first isolated from mammals. Ten samples of TGS, serum, and saliva were assayed for cholesterol, urea, and proteins including several enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994782
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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