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  • 2-hexanone  (1)
  • 5-nonanone  (1)
  • African elephant  (1)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical analysis of temporal gland secretions collected from an Asian bull elephant during a four-month musth episode (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2167-2181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Temporal gland secretions ; testosterone ; dihydrotestosterone ; Elephas maximus ; volatiles ; elephant ; benzoic acid ; 2-nonanone ; 5-nonanone ; 5-nonanol ; tetradecanoic acid ; decanoic acid ; (E)-farnesol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The temporal glands, modified facial apocrine sweat glands unique to elephants, release collectable secretions during an unusual physiological state termed “musth” in the Asian bull elephant (Elephas maximus). Recently we began the characterization of the chemical components of musth, especially in the temporal gland secretions (TGS), and the examination of the role of such secretions as agents for chemical communication between elephants. The present study focuses on possible correlations between testosterone levels in the serum and temporal gland secretions. We were especially interested in possible qualitative and/or quantitative changes in volatile compounds as the testosterone levels varied during a discrete musth period. Quantitative changes in TGS and serum testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Qualitative and semiquantitative changes occurring in volatile composition were studied by high-resolution gas chromatography (fused silica capillary column, on column injection). Compound identification was by nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography internal standards. Twenty-three major compounds and a number of minor components were identified. Androgen concentrations were correlated with TGS-specific volatiles including benzoic acid, 2-nonanone, 5-nonanol, tetradecanoic acid, and decanoic acid. The latter two compounds and (E)-farnesol, a major component of African TGS, demonstrated an inverse relationship to T levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026928
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A method for collection, long-term storage, and bioassay of labile volatile chemosignals (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 207-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Chemosignal ; pheromone ; Asian elephant ; Elephas maximus ; temporal gland secretion ; musth ; avoiding reactions ; headspace analysis ; 2-hexanone ; 3-pentanone ; 1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A procedure for headspace sampling and long-term storage of organic volatiles coupled with gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis was used to study the volatile chemosignals in a biological secretion prior to bioassay. The approach involved collecting the volatiles in evacuated canisters from an apparatus in which 1 ml of secretion was dispersed for headspace sampling. These canisters, stainless steel, 850 ml, and 100% internally electropolished, have been demonstrated to store volatile compounds, in chemically stable form, for several weeks. The GC-MS analyses provided the quantitation and identification of compounds from C3 through C14 at concentrations as low as 0.10 parts per billion volume. The approach was used to study chemosignals of musth temporal gland secretions (TGS) from a male Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Fresh TGS material loses its biological activity within 1 hr. TGS material stored at −20°C usually looses its activity within 30 days. The usefulness of this method for long-term storage of the volatile chemosignals was demonstrated by the retention of biologically active TGS headspace compounds, as determined through bioassays, stored in these canisters for one year.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055093
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Constituents of temporal gland secretion of the African elephant,Loxodonta africana (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 821-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): African elephant ; Loxodonta africana ; temporal gland secretion ; farnesol ; sesquiterpenes ; phenol ; cresol ; cholesterol ; proteins ; urea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Temporal gland secretion (TGS), obtained from 15 different mature African elephants in Kruger National Park was analyzed for volatile constituents. Only five volatile components were present.p-Cresol was present in all samples, but phenol was found as an appreciable component of only one sample and as trace amounts in six others. Three sesquiterpenes were identified, the latter two being new natural products:E-farnesol, farnesol hydrate (3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadien-1,7-diol), and farnesol dihydrate (3,7,11-trimethyl-2-dodecen-1,7,11-triol). These sesquiterpenes represent the first isolated from mammals. Ten samples of TGS, serum, and saliva were assayed for cholesterol, urea, and proteins including several enzymes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994782
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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