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  • 1
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    Homology of genome of AIDS-associated virus with genomes of human T-cell leukemia viruses (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: A T lymphotropic virus found in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or lymphadenopathy syndrome has been postulated to be the cause of AIDS. Immunological analysis of this retrovirus and its biological properties suggest that it is a member of the family of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses known as HTLV. Accordingly, it has been named HTLV-III. In the present report it is shown by nucleic acid hybridization that sequences of the genome of HTLV-III are homologous to the structural genes (gag, pol, and env) of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II and to a potential coding region called pX located between the env gene and the long terminal repeating sequence that is unique to the HTLV family of retroviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arya, S K -- Gallo, R C -- Hahn, B H -- Shaw, G M -- Popovic, M -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):927-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dna ; DNA, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/classification/*genetics ; Genes ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    HTLV-III in saliva of people with AIDS-related complex and healthy homosexual men at risk for AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Peripheral blood leukocytes and saliva from 20 individuals, including four with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), ten with AIDS-related complex (ARC), and six healthy homosexual males at risk for AIDS, were compared as sources of transmissible human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III), the virus found to be the etiologic agent of AIDS. All of the AIDS and ARC patients and four of the six healthy homosexuals had evidence of prior exposure to HTLV-III as indicated by seropositivity for antibody to HTLV-III structural proteins. Infectious virus was isolated from the peripheral blood of one of the AIDS patients, four of the ARC patients, and two of the healthy homosexual males, consistent with previous reports. HTLV-III was also isolated from the saliva of four of the ARC patients and four of the healthy homosexuals. Virus was also observed by electron microscopy in material prepared by centrifugation of the saliva of one AIDS patient. Although AIDS does not appear to be transmitted by casual contact, the possibility that HTLV-III can be transmitted by saliva should be considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groopman, J E -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Sarngadharan, M G -- Markham, P D -- Gonda, M -- Sliski, A -- Gallo, R C -- N0I-CO-23910/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):447-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6093247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Monocytes/microbiology ; Saliva/*microbiology ; Viral Proteins/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Molecular characterization of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: The human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III) appears to be central to the causation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two full-length integrated proviral DNA forms of HTLV-III have now been cloned and analyzed, and DNA sequences of the virus in cell lines and fresh tissues from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) have been characterized. The results revealed that (i) HTLV-III is an exogenous human retrovirus, approximately 10 kilobases in length, that lacks nucleic acid sequences derived from normal human DNA; (ii) HTLV-III, unlike HTLV types I and II, shows substantial diversity in its genomic restriction enzyme cleavage pattern; (iii) HTLV-III persists in substantial amounts in cells as unintegrated linear DNA, an uncommon property that has been linked to the cytopathic effects of certain animal retroviruses; and (iv) HTLV-III viral DNA can be detected in low levels in fresh (primary) lymphoid tissue of a minority of patients with AIDS or ARC but appears not to be present in Kaposi's sarcoma tissue. These findings have important implications concerning the biological properties of HTLV-III and the pathophysiology of AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, G M -- Hahn, B H -- Arya, S K -- Groopman, J E -- Gallo, R C -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1165-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6095449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Child ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-04
    Description: A cell system was developed for the reproducible detection of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV family) from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with signs or symptoms that frequently precede AIDS (pre-AIDS). The cells are specific clones from a permissive human neoplastic T-cell line. Some of the clones permanently grow and continuously produce large amounts of virus after infection with cytopathic (HTLV-III) variants of these viruses. One cytopathic effect of HTLV-III in this system is the arrangement of multiple nuclei in a characteristic ring formation in giant cells of the infected T-cell population. These structures can be used as an indicator to detect HTLV-III in clinical specimens. This system opens the way to the routine detection of HTLV-III and related cytopathic variants of HTLV in patients with AIDS or pre-AIDS and in healthy carriers, and it provides large amounts of virus for detailed molecular and immunological analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Popovic, M -- Sarngadharan, M G -- Read, E -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):497-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Cell Survival ; Clone Cells/microbiology ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Genomic diversity of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: The DNA genomes of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) isolated from 18 individuals with AIDS or who were at risk for AIDS were evaluated for evidence of variation. Although all of the 18 viral DNA's hybridized throughout their entire genomes to a full-length cloned probe of the original HTLV-III isolate, each of the 18 isolates showed a different restriction enzyme pattern. The number of restriction site differences between isolates ranged from only 1 site in 23 to at least 16 sites in 31. No particular viral genotype was associated with a particular disease state and 2 of the 18 patients had evidence of concurrent infection by more than one viral genotype. Propagation of three different viral isolates in vitro for up to 9 months did not lead to detectable changes in their restriction patterns. These findings indicate that different isolates of HTLV-III comprise a spectrum of highly related but distinguishable viruses and have important implications regarding the pathogenicity of HTLV-III and attempts to develop effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive measures for this virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong-Staal, F -- Shaw, G M -- Hahn, B H -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Popovic, M -- Markham, P -- Redfield, R -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):759-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Carrier State ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Infectious mutants of HTLV-III with changes in the 3' region and markedly reduced cytopathic effects (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-08
    Description: A variant of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is described that replicates but does not kill normal human T cells in vitro. This variant, designated X10-1, was derived from the genome of a cytopathic HTLV-III clone (pHXB2D) by excision of a 200-base pair segment in the 3' region of the virus, spanning the env and 3'-orf genes. Comparable variants with 55 to 109 base pairs deleted exclusively in 3'-orf produced, in contrast, virus that was extremely cytopathic. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that the 3'-orf gene is not required for cytopathogenicity or replication of HTLV-III. In addition, the results suggest that virus replication and cytotoxicity are not intrinsically coupled. Furthermore, since clone X10-1 retains the ability to trans-activate genes linked to the viral long terminal repeats, trans-activation per se is not responsible for T-cell killing by HTLV-III. These results also raise the possibility that the carboxyl terminus of the envelope gene of HTLV-III has a direct role in T-cell killing by this virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, A G -- Ratner, L -- Mitsuya, H -- Marselle, L M -- Harper, M E -- Broder, S -- Gallo, R C -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):655-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    HTLV-III legend correction (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilden, R V -- Gonda, M A -- Sarngadharan, M G -- Popovic, M -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 18;232(4748):307.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; *Deltaretrovirus/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    HTLV-III in cells cultured from semen of two patients with AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Epidemiological results suggest that the etiological agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is transmitted primarily through blood products, semen, and saliva. There is evidence that the human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III) is this agent. HTLV-III has been isolated repeatedly from T cells obtained from peripheral blood or lymph node tissue of AIDS and pre-AIDS patients and of healthy people believed to have been exposed to the virus. In the present study, HTLV-III was detected in and isolated from T cells present in the seminal fluid of AIDS patients. Mononuclear cells from the semen of AIDS patients and normal individuals were cultured in the presence of T-cell growth factor (interleukin-2). After 6 to 8 days, HTLV-III antigens were transiently expressed by the cells from the AIDS patients but not by those from the normal individuals. When the mononuclear cells from the semen of AIDS patients were cocultured with a permissive human T-cell line, cell cultures were produced that expressed high levels of reverse transcriptase activity, showed retroviral particles by electron microscopy, and were positive for HTLV-III-specific antigens when tested by fixed-cell indirect immunofluorescence with the use of monoclonal antibodies to the p24 and p15 antigens of HTLV-III.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zagury, D -- Bernard, J -- Leibowitch, J -- Safai, B -- Groopman, J E -- Feldman, M -- Sarngadharan, M G -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):449-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6208607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Monocytes/microbiology ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/analysis ; Semen/*microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in lymphoid cells from patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-09
    Description: A lymphotropic virus HTLV-III/LAV was recently identified as the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In a study of concomitant hepatitis B infections in patients with AIDS or the AIDS-related complex, DNA sequences of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were found in fresh and cultured lymphocytes from patients with AIDS even in the absence of conventional HBV serological markers. Furthermore, the restriction DNA pattern was consistent with the integration of the viral DNA. These results should prompt additional studies to reevaluate a possible role of HBV as a cofactor in AIDS in addition to the HTLV-III/LAV causal agent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laure, F -- Zagury, D -- Saimot, A G -- Gallo, R C -- Hahn, B H -- Brechot, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 9;229(4713):561-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2410981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Hepatitis B/complications ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis ; Hepatitis B virus/*genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/*analysis ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/analysis ; Serologic Tests
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Characterization of envelope and core structural gene products of HTLV-III with sera from AIDS patients (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-03
    Description: The envelope (env) and structural (gag) gene products of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III were identified by immunoaffinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation, and two-dimensional oligopeptide mapping methods. The env gene specifies a glycosylated polypeptide with a molecular weight of 160,000 (gp160) that is processed to gp120 and smaller gene products. The gag gene specifies two polypeptides of 70,000 and 55,000 molecular weight (p70 and p55), both of which contain p24, the major structural protein of the mature virion. The techniques in this study can be used to define the extent of variability of the env gene product among different virus isolates and may identify the nature and patterns of the humoral immune response that lead to an immunologically protected state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robey, W G -- Safai, B -- Oroszlan, S -- Arthur, L O -- Gonda, M A -- Gallo, R C -- Fischinger, P J -- N01-CO-23909/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-23910/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):593-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2984774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Deltaretrovirus/*metabolism ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Pan troglodytes ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/microbiology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*isolation & purification ; Viral Proteins/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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