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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-04-03
    Description: IL-17-producing CD4+ T helper cells (TH17) have been extensively investigated in mouse models of autoimmunity. However, the requirements for differentiation and the properties of pathogen-induced human TH17 cells remain poorly defined. Using an approach that combines the in vitro priming of naive T cells with the ex vivo analysis of memory T cells, we describe here two types of human TH17 cells with distinct effector function and differentiation requirements. Candida albicans-specific TH17 cells produced IL-17 and IFN-gamma, but no IL-10, whereas Staphylococcus aureus-specific TH17 cells produced IL-17 and could produce IL-10 upon restimulation. IL-6, IL-23 and IL-1beta contributed to TH17 differentiation induced by both pathogens, but IL-1beta was essential in C. albicans-induced TH17 differentiation to counteract the inhibitory activity of IL-12 and to prime IL-17/IFN-gamma double-producing cells. In addition, IL-1beta inhibited IL-10 production in differentiating and in memory TH17 cells, whereas blockade of IL-1beta in vivo led to increased IL-10 production by memory TH17 cells. We also show that, after restimulation, TH17 cells transiently downregulated IL-17 production through a mechanism that involved IL-2-induced activation of STAT5 and decreased expression of ROR-gammat. Taken together these findings demonstrate that by eliciting different cytokines C. albicans and S. aureus prime TH17 cells that produce either IFN-gamma or IL-10, and identify IL-1beta and IL-2 as pro- and anti-inflammatory regulators of TH17 cells both at priming and in the effector phase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zielinski, Christina E -- Mele, Federico -- Aschenbrenner, Dominik -- Jarrossay, David -- Ronchi, Francesca -- Gattorno, Marco -- Monticelli, Silvia -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- Sallusto, Federica -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 26;484(7395):514-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10957.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. christina.zielinski@charite.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22466287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigen Presentation/immunology ; Candida albicans/*immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory/immunology ; Interferon-gamma/*biosynthesis ; Interleukin-10/*biosynthesis ; Interleukin-17/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-1beta/*immunology ; Interleukin-2/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics/metabolism ; STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/*immunology ; Th17 Cells/cytology/*immunology/*metabolism/secretion ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Human inborn errors of immunity mediated by the cytokines interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F (IL-17A/F) underlie mucocutaneous candidiasis, whereas inborn errors of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) immunity underlie mycobacterial disease. We report the discovery of bi-allelic RORC loss-of-function mutations in seven individuals from three kindreds of different ethnic origins with both candidiasis and mycobacteriosis. The lack of functional RORgamma and RORgammaT isoforms resulted in the absence of IL-17A/F-producing T cells in these individuals, probably accounting for their chronic candidiasis. Unexpectedly, leukocytes from RORgamma- and RORgammaT-deficient individuals also displayed an impaired IFN-gamma response to Mycobacterium. This principally reflected profoundly defective IFN-gamma production by circulating gammadelta T cells and CD4(+)CCR6(+)CXCR3(+) alphabeta T cells. In humans, both mucocutaneous immunity to Candida and systemic immunity to Mycobacterium require RORgamma, RORgammaT, or both.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4668938/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4668938/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okada, Satoshi -- Markle, Janet G -- Deenick, Elissa K -- Mele, Federico -- Averbuch, Dina -- Lagos, Macarena -- Alzahrani, Mohammed -- Al-Muhsen, Saleh -- Halwani, Rabih -- Ma, Cindy S -- Wong, Natalie -- Soudais, Claire -- Henderson, Lauren A -- Marzouqa, Hiyam -- Shamma, Jamal -- Gonzalez, Marcela -- Martinez-Barricarte, Ruben -- Okada, Chizuru -- Avery, Danielle T -- Latorre, Daniela -- Deswarte, Caroline -- Jabot-Hanin, Fabienne -- Torrado, Egidio -- Fountain, Jeffrey -- Belkadi, Aziz -- Itan, Yuval -- Boisson, Bertrand -- Migaud, Melanie -- Arlehamn, Cecilia S Lindestam -- Sette, Alessandro -- Breton, Sylvain -- McCluskey, James -- Rossjohn, Jamie -- de Villartay, Jean-Pierre -- Moshous, Despina -- Hambleton, Sophie -- Latour, Sylvain -- Arkwright, Peter D -- Picard, Capucine -- Lantz, Olivier -- Engelhard, Dan -- Kobayashi, Masao -- Abel, Laurent -- Cooper, Andrea M -- Notarangelo, Luigi D -- Boisson-Dupuis, Stephanie -- Puel, Anne -- Sallusto, Federica -- Bustamante, Jacinta -- Tangye, Stuart G -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- 8UL1TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272200900044C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272200900044C/PHS HHS/ -- R37 AI095983/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37AI095983/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007512/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):606-13. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4282. Epub 2015 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. jmarkle@rockefeller.edu jean-laurent.casanova@rockefeller.edu. ; Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. ; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Santiago, Chile. Department of Pediatrics, Padre Hurtado Hospital and Clinica Alemana, Santiago, Chile. ; Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ; Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Pediatrics, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ; Department of Pediatrics, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ; Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. ; Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Paris, France. ; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Caritas Baby Hospital, Post Office Box 11535, Jerusalem, Israel. ; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Santiago, Chile. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. ; Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA. ; La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. ; Laboratoire Dynamique du Genome et Systeme Immunitaire, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. ; Laboratoire Dynamique du Genome et Systeme Immunitaire, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. ; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK. ; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. ; Department of Paediatric Allergy Immunology, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. ; Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. ; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland. Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA. jmarkle@rockefeller.edu jean-laurent.casanova@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Candida albicans/*immunology ; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/complications/*genetics/immunology ; Cattle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Humans ; Immunity/*genetics ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Interleukin-17/immunology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium bovis/immunology/isolation & purification ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology/isolation & purification ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics/immunology ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Thymus Gland/abnormalities/immunology ; Tuberculosis, Bovine/*genetics/immunology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: Distinct types of CD4(+) T cells protect the host against different classes of pathogens. However, it is unclear whether a given pathogen induces a single type of polarized T cell. By combining antigenic stimulation and T cell receptor deep sequencing, we found that human pathogen- and vaccine-specific T helper 1 (T(H)1), T(H)2, and T(H)17 memory cells have different frequencies but comparable diversity and comprise not only clones polarized toward a single fate, but also clones whose progeny have acquired multiple fates. Single naive T cells primed by a pathogen in vitro could also give rise to multiple fates. Our results unravel an unexpected degree of interclonal and intraclonal functional heterogeneity of the human T cell response and suggest that polarized responses result from preferential expansion rather than priming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becattini, Simone -- Latorre, Daniela -- Mele, Federico -- Foglierini, Mathilde -- De Gregorio, Corinne -- Cassotta, Antonino -- Fernandez, Blanca -- Kelderman, Sander -- Schumacher, Ton N -- Corti, Davide -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- Sallusto, Federica -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):400-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1260668. Epub 2014 Dec 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland. Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland. ; Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland. federica.sallusto@irb.usi.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Candida albicans/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunologic Memory ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Vaccines/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the spatio-temporal distribution ofmore than 2000 earthquakes that occurred during theUmbria-Marche seismic crisis, between September 26 and November 3, 1997. This distribution was obtained from recordings of a temporary network that was installed after the occurrence of the ?rst two largest shocks (Mw= 5.7, Mw= 6.0) of September 26. This network was composed of 27 digital 3-components stations densely distributed in the epicentral area. The aftershock distribution covers a region of about 40 km long and about 12 km wide along the NW-SE central Apennines chain. The activity is shallow, mostly located at less than 9 km depth. We distinguished three main zones of different seismic activity from NW to SE. The central zone, that contains the hypocenter of four earthquakes of magnitude larger than 5, was the more active and the more complex one. Sections at depth identify 40–50 dipping structures that agree well with the moment tensor focal mechanisms results. The clustering and the migration of seismicity from NW to SE and the general features are imaged by aftershock distribution both horizontally and at depth.
    Description: Published
    Description: 377-386
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Umbria-Marche ; normal faulting ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Il data-base dei dati accelerometrici italiani (Italian Strong Motion Data Base) copre un periodo di tempo di oltre 20 anni durante i quali non solo le reti sismiche italiane hanno subito una evoluzione notevolissima, ma l’intera sismologia mondiale e la tecnologia ad essa applicata è stata completamente rivoluzionata. La rete Sismica Nazionale gestita dall’INGV (ING fino al 1999), è cresciuta da 12 strumenti riportati nei bollettini del 1972 a oltre 180 nel 2004. Il Bollettino Sismico Italiano dell’anno 1972 include le fasi di 6 sismometri per un terremoto di magnitudo 5 avvenuto al largo di Ancona il 14 giugno 1972. Un terremoto di magnitudo analoga avvenuto il 25 novembre 2004 nell’Adriatico centrale, ben più lontano del precedente dalle coste italiane, è stato registrato da oltre 70 stazioni della Rete Sismica Nazionale. Occorre tenere presente questi dati nell’utilizzo del data-base accelerometrico perché la precisione con cui sono stati valutati i parametri ipocentrali dei terremoti è variata nell’arco di tempo coperto dal data-base di un ordine di grandezza.
    Description: Progetto S6 - Data base dei dati accelerometrici italiani relativi al periodo 1972-2004
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: open
    Keywords: database accelerometrico ; parametri ipocentrali ; parametri focali ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Teleseismic waveforms recorded by a regional array crossing the northern Italian peninsula and northern Corsica are analyzed using the receiver function technique, to determine the first order crustal structure. The receiver function approach is used to isolate receiver-side PS conversions generated at the crust-mantle boundary and any major velocity discontinuity beneath the stations. We used the time delay between the direct P wave and the PS wave converted at the Moho discontinuity to infer crustal thickness beneath the stations. The crust-mantle boundary is estimated at 25 ± 1 km of depth in northern Corsica, 20 ± 2 km beneath the Elba island and 20 to 24 ± 2 km beneath Tuscany. In the eastern portion of the array, Moho depth increases from 28 ± 2 km beneath the Adriatic coast to 49 ± 3 km beneath the Apennine chain, in a distance of about 100 km. A double PS conversion produced beneath the Val Tiberina graben, to the west of the Apennines, corresponds to interfaces as deep as 20 ± 2 and 52 ± 2 km. This observation supports the hypothesis of partial overlapping between the shallow Tuscan Moho and the deeper Adriatic Moho. The westward deepening of the Adriatic Moho beneath the northern Apennines can be explained by lithosphere delamination that has dragged downward the Adriatic lower crust. The deep crustal root estimated beneath the northern Apennines indicates that this portion of the chain is isostatically overcompensated.
    Description: Published
    Description: 69-78
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Teleseismic receiver functions ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Propagation of shear waves produced by 25 mantle earthquakes (80-600 km depth) in the subduction zone of the south Tyrrhenian Sea (southern Italy) has been investigated to infer the geometry and extent of the descending lithosphere. From all hypocentral depths high-frequency, high-amplitude shear waves are recorded at most of the stations in southern Italy and easternmost Sicily. This shear-wave energy is interpreted to travel as a guided wave within the descending slab. In contrast, shear waves are either not recorded at all or they are recorded as low-frequency, low-amplitude signals at stations located in the peninsular part of Italy north of the Calabrian arc, in western Sicily and in Sardinia. This systematic S-wave attenuation is interpreted in terms of an active and continuous slab correlated with and limited to the Calabrian arc.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2877-2880
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tyrrhenian subduction zone ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Evidence of a continuous lithosphere between the northern margin of Africa and Italy is given from the analysis of regional waveforms recorded by the Italian Seismic Network. Frequency and amplitude of shear waves Sn propagating over the Ionian Sea and the western part of the Levantine Sea are examined in this study. An important observation is that Sn waves are efficiently transmitted without exception at epicentral distances ranging from 3˚ to 22.5˚. The very efficient propagation of uppermost mantle shear waves implies that mantle lithosphere is continuous in this part of the Mediterranean region. This in turn implies that the lithosphere underlying the Adriatic Sea is attached to the African lithosphere and can be considered a promontory of the major African plate. The regional shear phase Lg, that typically propagates within the continental crust, is not transmitted in this area. This observation is consistent with the presence of oceanic crust in the eastern Mediterranean, as hypothesized by previous studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 431-434
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Sn waves propagation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: More than 700 waveforms produced by 51 shallow earthquakes and recorded at regional distances (250-1400 km) by the Italian seismic network have been analyzed to characterize the amplitude and frequency contents of the crustal and uppermost mantle shear waves Lg and Sn, respectively. The crustal phase Lg efficiently propagates through the relatively stable Adriatic continental crust, while it is not observed along propagation paths crossing major physiographic features, like the Apennine chain and the basinal domain of the Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas. Similar to Lg, efficient Sn propagation is observed in the uppermost mantle beneath the Po plain and the Adriatic Sea. Efficient Sn transmission is also observed across the northern Ionian Sea and Sicily and in the area between Sardinia and the northern coasts of Africa. Sn are efficiently transmitted across the Sicily Channel, and rather efficient Sn propagate beneath the Ligurian Sea. On the contrary, inefficient Sn transmission characterizes the uppermost mantle beneath the Apennines, the western margin of the Italian peninsula, and the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Shear wave attenuation suggests the presence of asthenospheric material in the uppermost mantle, probably related to the present-day extension along the Apennine chain and in the Tyrrhenian basin. This interpretation is consistent with the presence of extensive Neogene and Quaternary volcanic activity in these areas and related high heat flow. Proposed lithospheric delamination processes beneath the Apennines and subduction beneath the Tyrrhenian Sea can reasonably explain the observed high-attenuation zones in the uppermost mantle. In contrast, a high-strength mantle lid is inferred to underlay the Po plain, the Adriatic Sea, and the northern Ionian Sea. The available waveforms also indicate that a continuous mantle lid is present beneath Sicily and the extensional domain of the Sicily Channel, as well as in the marine area south of Sardinia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 11,863-11,875
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Sn attenuation ; Italy ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A new system for acquiring and processing digital signals has been developed in the last few years at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The system makes extensive use of the internet communication protocol standards such as TCP and UDP which are used as the transport highway inside the Italian network, and possibly in a near future outside, to share or redirect data among processes. The Italian National Seismic Network has been working for about 18 years equipped with vertical short period seismometers and transmitting through analog lines, to the computer center in Rome. We are now concentrating our efforts on speeding the migration towards a fully digital network based on about 150 stations equipped with either broad band or 5 seconds sensors connected to the data center partly through wired digital communication and partly through satellite digital communication. The overall process is layered through intranet and/or internet. Every layer gathers data in a simple format and provides data in a processed format, ready to be distributed towards the next layer. The lowest level acquires seismic data (raw waveforms) coming from the remote stations. It handshakes, checks and sends data in LAN or WAN according to a distribution list where other machines with their programs are waiting for. At the next level there are the picking procedures, or pickers, on a per instrument basis, looking for phases. A picker spreads phases, again through the LAN or WAN and according to a distribution list, to one or more waiting locating machines tuned to generate a seismic event. The event locating procedure itself, the higher level in this stack, can exchange information with other similar procedures. Such a layered and distributed structure with nearby targets allows other seismic networks to join the processing and data collection of the same ongoing event, creating a virtual network larger than the original one. At present we plan to cooperate with other Italian regional and local networks, and with the VBB Mediterranean Network (MedNet) to share waveforms and events detected in real time. The seismic acquisition system at INGV uses a relational database built on standard SQL, for every activity involving the seismic network.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, Ca
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic Networks ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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