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  • 1
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: optical resolution ; chiral HPLC ; chiral stationary phase ; 6-oxazolinylisoflavan ; circular dichroism ; antipicornavirus activity ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Racemic 6-oxazolinylisoflavan, a highly effective inhibitor of rhinovirus serotype 1B in vitro, was resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography on a chiral stationary phase in order to study the activity of the enantiomers against picornaviruses. The absolute configuration of the two isomers was determined by circular dichroism curves. The antipicornavirus activity of each isomer, separately collected, was evaluated in vitro against human rhinovirus serotype 1B, enterovirus 71, echovirus 6, coxsackievirus B4, and poliovirus type 2 by means of the plaque reduction assay. Both enantiomers were inhibitors of picornavirus replication with the degree of their activity depending on virus and isomer tested. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: albendazole ; enantiomeric separation ; high performance liquid chromatography ; cellulose derived phase ; pharmacokinetic ; cysticercosis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a method for the enantioselective analysis of albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) in plasma for application in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. ABZSO enantiomers were separated on a 5-μm Chiralcel OB-H® column (4.6 × 150 mm) using hexane:ethanol (93:7, v/v) as the mobile phase and fluorescence detection. ABZSO was extracted with chloroform:isopropanol (8:2, v/v) from 500-μl aliquots of acidified plasma, with full drug recovery. The proposed method presented quantitation limits of 20 ng/ml for (-)ABZSO and 50 ng/ml for (+)ABZSO and was linear up to a concentration of 5,000 ng/ml of each enantiomer. Chirality 9:722-726, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common mutation, delta F508 (a three-base-pair deletion) accounts for ca. 70% of mutations in the worldwide population. The majority of other mutations (more than 350 reported so far to the Genetic Analysis Consortium) have been detected in single cases, thus rendering quite cumbersome a molecular diagnostic approach for the identification of CF chromosomes. As an alternative, linkage analysis based on intragenic polymorphism can be useful for prenatal diagnosis and CF-carrier detection, provided that the heterozygosity of the allelic forms is very high. For this purpose, DNA microsatellites, consisting of two to epta nucleotide repeat clusters, displaying a high degree of polymorphism, are being increasingly used as markers in linkage studies. Two main allelic forms, one hexameric (111 bp) and one heptameric (115 bp), of a tetranucleotide (GATT) repeat polymorphism, at the junction of intron IVS6a and exon 6b, have been amplified by PCR technology. These two alleles can be separated in a 10-20%T polyacrylamide gradient gel and detected by ethidium bromide staining. As an alternate procedure, these two fragments are efficiently separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in a viscous solution of 6%T linear polyacrylamide and detected by their intrinsic absorbance at 254 nm.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 12 (1929), S. 989-990 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: Volcanic activity on the island of Ischia included both effusive and explosive eruptions, mainly occurred in the eastern sector of the island. Vent location, eruption dynamics, transport mechanisms and depositional processes, have been reconstructed for each recognized unit. In the past 10 ka, periods of quiescence alternated with periods of very intense volcanism, which was mainly concentrated at about 5.5 and over the past 2.9 ka. Volcanism was not continuous and strongly influenced by the mechanism of a resurgence phenomenon, which affects the island since about 33 ka. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that magma intrusion and uplift events occurred intermittently. In the past 5.5 ka, volcanic activity has been invariably accompanied by the emplacement of slope instability-related deposits testifying that also slope instability was induced by reactivation of vertical movements, likely related to resurgence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 193-239
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcanological ; Ischia resurgent ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The structure and shape of collapses and resurgences is often controlled by pre-existing discontinuities, such as normal faults in rift zones. In order to study the role of extensional structures on collapse and resurgence, we used analogue models. Dry sand simulated the brittle crust; silicone, located at the base of the sand-pack, simulated magma. In the experiments, regional extension pre-dated collapse or resurgence, forming normal faults in a grabenlike structure; the graben was filled with additional sand, simulating post-rift deposits. A piston then moved the silicone downward or upward, inducing collapse or resurgence within the previously deformed sand. The collapses showed an ellipticity (length of minor axis/length of major axis) between 0.8 and 0.9, with the major axis parallel to the extension direction. The partial reactivation of the pre-existing normal faults was observed during the development of the caldera reverse faults, which, conversely to what was expected (from experiments without preexisting extension), became partly inward dipping. Resurgence showed an elongation of the uplifted part, with the main axis perpendicular to the extension direction. At depth, pre-existing normal faults were partly reactivated by the reverse faults formed during resurgence; these locally became outward dipping normal faults. A total reactivation of pre-existing faults was also observed during resurgence. The experiments suggest that the observed elongation of calderas and resurgences is the result of the reactivation of pre-existing structures during differential uplift. Such a reactivation is mainly related to the loss in the coefficient of friction of the sand. The results suggest that elliptic calderas and resurgences in nature may develop even from circular magma chambers.
    Description: Published
    Description: 199-217
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Extensional structures ; Caldera ; Resurgence ; Analogue models ; Reactivation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Format: 1345163 bytes
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Tephra fallout associated with renewal of volcanism at the Campi Flegrei caldera is a serious threat to the Neapolitan area. In order to assess the hazards related with tephra loading, we have considered three different eruption scenarios representative of past activity: a high-magnitude event similar to the 4.1 ka Agnano-Monte Spina eruption, a medium-magnitude event, similar to the ∼3.8 ka Astroni 6 eruption, and a low-magnitude event similar to the Averno 2 eruption. The fallout deposits were reconstructed using the HAZMAP computational model, which is based on a semi-analytical solution of the two-dimensional advection– diffusion–sedimentation equation for volcanic tephra. The input parameters into the model, such as total erupted mass, eruption column height, and bulk grain-size and components distribution, were obtained by best-fitting field data. We carried out tens of thousands simulations using a statistical set of wind profiles, obtained from NOAA reanalysis. Probability maps, relative to the considered scenarios, were constructed for several tephra loads, such as 200, 300 and 400 kg/m2. These provide a hazard assessment for roof collapses due to tephra loading that can be used for risk mitigation plans in the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 259–273
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tephra fallout hazard ; Tephra loading ; Campi Flegrei caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The results of a detailed stratigraphic study, carried out in the areas located to the east and south-west of Mt. Epomeo at Ischia, are presented and compared with those of previous geological, archaeological and historical investigations to show the relationships among caldera resurgence, volcanism and slope instability in the past 5.5 ka. Resurgence at Ischia began at about 30 ka B.P. and occurred through intermittent uplifting and tectonic quietness phases. During the past 5.5 ka reactivation of faults and related volcanic activity was accompanied by emplacement of deposits generated by surface gravitational movements. These deposits were generated in four main phases, dated between 5.5 and 2.9 ka, around 2.9 ka, between 2.6 and 2.3 ka, and between 2.3 and 1.9 ka, respectively. Deposits formed by gravitational movements preceded and followed the emplacement of volcanic rocks, testifying that slope instability was induced by vertical movements, which also activated and/or reactivated faults and fractures that fed volcanism. The results of this study therefore suggest that, although slope failure can occur as a consequence of a variety of factors, resurgence has to be considered a factor inducing a particularly intense slope instability. Resurgence is accompanied by activation of faults and renewal of volcanism, causing oversteepening of the slopes and generating seismicity that could trigger surface gravitational movements. Furthermore, the availability of large amount of loose material, rapidly accumulated along the slopes during eruptions, favors landslide generation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 148–165
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Slope instability ; Volcanism ; Volcano-tectonism ; Resurgent calderas ; Ischia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Campi Flegrei caldera is an active and restless volcano in the densely inhabited Neapolitan area of southern Italy. Because of the very high value (lives, properties, infrastructures, etc.) exposed to potential volcanic hazards, it is one of the areas at highest volcanic risk on Earth. In such a situation we have made an attempt to contribute to assessment of its volcanic hazards by providing a quantitative probabilistic longterm forecast of style and size of the next eruption. We have evaluated the most relevant physical parameters of the 22 explosive eruptions of the Campi Flegrei caldera over the past 5 ka. This time span has been taken as the reference period for volcanic hazards assessment on the basis of the volcanic and deformation history of the caldera. The evaluated parameters include dispersal, volume and density of the pyroclastic deposits, volume of erupted magma, total erupted mass, and eruption magnitude. The obtained results permit a size classification of the explosive eruptions, which are grouped into three sizes: small, medium, and large. On the basis of the reconstructed eruption dynamics, we have considered a type event(s) representative of each size class and hypothesized the style of the next event. An effusive eruption will likely generate a dome or very small lava flows, while an explosive event of any size very probably will produce particles fallout and flowage of pyroclastic density currents. Using a Bayesian inference procedure, we have assigned a conditional probability of occurrence to each of the eruption size classes. A small-size explosive eruption is the most likely event with a probability of about 60%; a large-size explosive eruption is the least likely event with a probability of about 4%; a medium-size explosive eruption has a probability of occurrence of about 25%; an effusive eruption has about 11% probability of occurrence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 265–276
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic hazards assessment ; eruption size ; eruption style ; Campi Flegrei caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Campi Flegrei caldera is a restless structure affected by general subsidence and ongoing resurgence of its central part. The persistent activity of the system and the explosive character of the volcanism lead to a very high volcanic hazard that, combined with intense urbanization, corresponds to a very high volcanic risk. One of the largest sources of uncertainty in volcanic hazard/risk assessment for Campi Flegrei is the spatial location of the future volcanic activity. This paper presents and discusses a long- term probability hazard map for vent opening in case of renewal of volcanism at the Campi Flegrei caldera, which shows the spatial conditional probability for the next vent opening, given that an eruption occurs. The map has been constructed by building a Bayesian inference scheme merging prior information and past data. The method allows both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties to be evaluated. The probability map of vent opening shows that two areas of relatively high probability are present within the active portion of the caldera, with a probability approximately doubled with respect to the rest of the caldera. The map has an immediate use in evaluating the areas of the caldera prone to the highest volcanic hazard. Furthermore, it represents an important ingredient in addressing the more general problem of quantitative volcanic hazards assessment at the Campi Flegrei caldera.
    Description: Published
    Description: 497-510
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcanic hazards assessment . Campi Flegrei . Vent opening probability map . Bayesian inference ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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