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  • 1
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    Ribo-gnome: the big world of small RNAs (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: Small RNA guides--microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, and repeat-associated small interfering RNAs, 21 to 30 nucleotides in length--shape diverse cellular pathways, from chromosome architecture to stem cell maintenance. Fifteen years after the discovery of RNA silencing, we are only just beginning to understand the depth and complexity of how these RNAs regulate gene expression and to consider their role in shaping the evolutionary history of higher eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zamore, Phillip D -- Haley, Benjamin -- GM62862-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65236-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1519-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. phillip.zamore@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/chemistry/history/*physiology ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Biology/history ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry/history/*physiology ; Stem Cells/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A protein sensor for siRNA asymmetry (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: To act as guides in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) must be unwound into their component strands, then assembled with proteins to form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which catalyzes target messenger RNA cleavage. Thermodynamic differences in the base-pairing stabilities of the 5' ends of the two approximately 21-nucleotide siRNA strands determine which siRNA strand is assembled into the RISC. We show that in Drosophila, the orientation of the Dicer-2/R2D2 protein heterodimer on the siRNA duplex determines which siRNA strand associates with the core RISC protein Argonaute 2. R2D2 binds the siRNA end with the greatest double-stranded character, thereby orienting the heterodimer on the siRNA duplex. Strong R2D2 binding requires a 5'-phosphate on the siRNA strand that is excluded from the RISC. Thus, R2D2 is both a protein sensor for siRNA thermodynamic asymmetry and a licensing factor for entry of authentic siRNAs into the RNAi pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomari, Yukihide -- Matranga, Christian -- Haley, Benjamin -- Martinez, Natalia -- Zamore, Phillip D -- GM62862-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65236-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1377-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Dimerization ; Drosophila/embryology/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Light ; Luciferases/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Helicases/*metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/*metabolism ; Ribonuclease III ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics ; Thermodynamics ; Uracil/*analogs & derivatives/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A distinct small RNA pathway silences selfish genetic elements in the germline (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: In the Drosophila germline, repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) ensure genomic stability by silencing endogenous selfish genetic elements such as retrotransposons and repetitive sequences. Whereas small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derive from both the sense and antisense strands of their double-stranded RNA precursors, rasiRNAs arise mainly from the antisense strand. rasiRNA production appears not to require Dicer-1, which makes microRNAs (miRNAs), or Dicer-2, which makes siRNAs, and rasiRNAs lack the 2',3' hydroxy termini characteristic of animal siRNA and miRNA. Unlike siRNAs and miRNAs, rasiRNAs function through the Piwi, rather than the Ago, Argonaute protein subfamily. Our data suggest that rasiRNAs protect the fly germline through a silencing mechanism distinct from both the miRNA and RNA interference pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vagin, Vasily V -- Sigova, Alla -- Li, Chengjian -- Seitz, Herve -- Gvozdev, Vladimir -- Zamore, Phillip D -- GM62862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65236/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):320-4. Epub 2006 Jun 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Argonaute Proteins ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Male ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Ovary/cytology ; Peptide Initiation Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Periodic Acid/pharmacology ; Phosphates/analysis ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Antisense/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; Terminal Repeat Sequences ; Testis/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Endogenous siRNAs derived from transposons and mRNAs in Drosophila somatic cells (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct RNA interference (RNAi) in eukaryotes. In flies, somatic cells produce siRNAs from exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a defense against viral infection. We identified endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs), 21 nucleotides in length, that correspond to transposons and heterochromatic sequences in the somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. We also detected endo-siRNAs complementary to messenger RNAs (mRNAs); these siRNAs disproportionately mapped to the complementary regions of overlapping mRNAs predicted to form double-stranded RNA in vivo. Normal accumulation of somatic endo-siRNAs requires the siRNA-generating ribonuclease Dicer-2 and the RNAi effector protein Argonaute2 (Ago2). We propose that endo-siRNAs generated by the fly RNAi pathway silence selfish genetic elements in the soma, much as Piwi-interacting RNAs do in the germ line.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953241/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953241/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghildiyal, Megha -- Seitz, Herve -- Horwich, Michael D -- Li, Chengjian -- Du, Tingting -- Lee, Soohyun -- Xu, Jia -- Kittler, Ellen L W -- Zapp, Maria L -- Weng, Zhiping -- Zamore, Phillip D -- F30 AG030283-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F30 AG030283-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F30 AG030283-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F30AG030283/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM080625/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM62862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65236/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG003367/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI042845/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI042845-119008/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043208/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043208-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062862-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062862-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065236/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065236-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065236-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080625/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080625-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080625-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003367/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003367-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM062862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM062862-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1077-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1157396. Epub 2008 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; RNA Helicases/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/genetics/metabolism ; Retroelements ; Ribonuclease III
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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