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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of p85/p110 heterodimeric lipid kinases that generate second messenger signals downstream of tyrosine kinases, thereby controlling cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Mammals express three class IA catalytic subunits: p110alpha, p110beta, and p110delta. It is unclear to what extent these p110 isoforms have overlapping or distinct biological roles. Mice expressing a catalytically inactive form of p110delta (p110delta(D910A)) were generated by gene targeting. Antigen receptor signaling in B and T cells was impaired and immune responses in vivo were attenuated in p110delta mutant mice. They also developed inflammatory bowel disease. These results reveal a selective role for p110delta in immunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okkenhaug, Klaus -- Bilancio, Antonio -- Farjot, Geraldine -- Priddle, Helen -- Sancho, Sara -- Peskett, Emma -- Pearce, Wayne -- Meek, Stephen E -- Salpekar, Ashreena -- Waterfield, Michael D -- Smith, Andrew J H -- Vanhaesebroeck, Bart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1031-4. Epub 2002 Jul 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 91 Riding House Street, London W1W 7BS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/enzymology/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Immunoglobulins/blood ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology/pathology ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/cytology/pathology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/cytology/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It was concluded that the chordwise air collection method, which actually combines chordwise and spanwise air collection, is the best of the designs conceived up to this time for full chord laminar flow control (LFC). Its shallower ducting improved structural efficiency of the main wing box resulting in a reduction in wing weight, and it provided continuous support of the chordwise panel joints, better matching of suction and clearing airflow requirements, and simplified duct to suction source minifolding. Laminar flow control on both the upper and lower surfaces was previously reduced to LFC suction on the upper surface only, back to 85 percent chord. The study concludes that, in addition to reduced wing area and other practical advantages, this system would be lighter because of the increase in effective structural wing thickness.
    Keywords: AERONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-172424 , NAS 1.26:172424
    Format: application/pdf
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