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  • 1
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    Economic incentives for rain forest conservation across scales (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-10
    Description: Globally, tropical deforestation releases 20 to 30% of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Conserving forests could reduce emissions, but the cost-effectiveness of this mechanism for mitigation depends on the associated opportunity costs. We estimated these costs from local, national, and global perspectives using a case study from Madagascar. Conservation generated significant benefits over logging and agriculture locally and globally. Nationally, however, financial benefits from industrial logging were larger than conservation benefits. Such differing economic signals across scales may exacerbate tropical deforestation. The Kyoto Protocol could potentially overcome this obstacle to conservation by creating markets for protection of tropical forests to mitigate climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kremen, C -- Niles, J O -- Dalton, M G -- Daily, G C -- Ehrlich, P R -- Fay, J P -- Grewal, D -- Guillery, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1828-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ckremen@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Carbon ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Industry ; Madagascar ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ecology. The value of nature and the nature of value (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-12
    Description: Ecosystems are capital assets: When properly managed, they yield a flow of vital goods and services. Relative to other forms of capital, however, ecosystems are poorly understood, scarcely monitored, and--in many important cases--undergoing rapid degradation. The process of economic valuation could greatly improve stewardship. This potential is now being realized with innovative financial instruments and institutional arrangements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daily, G C -- Soderqvist, T -- Aniyar, S -- Arrow, K -- Dasgupta, P -- Ehrlich, P R -- Folke, C -- Jansson, A -- Jansson, B -- Kautsky, N -- Levin, S -- Lubchenco, J -- Maler, K G -- Simpson, D -- Starrett, D -- Tilman, D -- Walker, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 21;289(5478):395-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. gdaily@leland.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; Industry ; Investments
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balvanera, P -- Daily, G C -- Ehrlich, P R -- Ricketts, T H -- Bailey, S A -- Kark, C -- Pereira, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2047.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11256386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Population diversity: its extent and extinction (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-24
    Description: Genetically distinct populations are an important component of biodiversity. This work estimates the number of populations per area of a sample of species from literature on population differentiation and the average range area of a species from a sample of distribution maps. This yields an estimate of about 220 populations per species, or 1.1 to 6.6 billion populations globally. Assuming that population extinction is a linear function of habitat loss, approximately 1800 populations per hour (16 million annually) are being destroyed in tropical forests alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, J B -- Daily, G C -- Ehrlich, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 24;278(5338):689-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9381179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetics, Population ; Mathematics ; Plants ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Global mammal conservation: what must we manage? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: We present a global conservation analysis for an entire "flagship" taxon, land mammals. A combination of rarity, anthropogenic impacts, and political endemism has put about a quarter of terrestrial mammal species, and a larger fraction of their populations, at risk of extinction. A new global database and complementarity analysis for selecting priority areas for conservation shows that approximately 11% of Earth's land surface should be managed for conservation to preserve at least 10% of terrestrial mammal geographic ranges. Different approaches, from protection (or establishment) of reserves to countryside biogeographic enhancement of human-dominated landscapes, will be required to approach this minimal goal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ceballos, Gerardo -- Ehrlich, Paul R -- Soberon, Jorge -- Salazar, Irma -- Fay, John P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):603-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Ecologia, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico. gceballo@miranda.ecologia.unam.mx〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Humans ; *Mammals ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Mammal population losses and the extinction crisis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: The disappearance of populations is a prelude to species extinction. No geographically explicit estimates have been made of current population losses of major indicator taxa. Here we compare historic and present distributions of 173 declining mammal species from six continents. These species have collectively lost over 50% of their historic range area, mostly where human activities are intensive. This implies a serious loss of ecosystem services and goods. It also signals a substantial threat to species diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ceballos, Gerardo -- Ehrlich, Paul R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):904-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apdo, Postal 70-275, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico. gceballo@miranda.ecologia.unam.mx〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Asia, Southeastern ; Australia ; Demography ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Humans ; *Mammals ; North America ; Population Density ; South America
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Securing natural capital and expanding equity to rescale civilization (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-09
    Description: In biophysical terms, humanity has never been moving faster nor further from sustainability than it is now. Our increasing population size and per capita impacts are severely testing the ability of Earth to provide for peoples' most basic needs. Awareness of these circumstances has grown tremendously, as has the sophistication of efforts to address them. But the complexity of the challenge remains daunting. We explore prospects for transformative change in three critical areas of sustainable development: achieving a sustainable population size and securing vital natural capital, both in part through reducing inequity, and strengthening the societal leadership of academia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrlich, Paul R -- Kareiva, Peter M -- Daily, Gretchen C -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 6;486(7401):68-73. doi: 10.1038/nature11157.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. pre@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22678281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/methods/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Policy/*economics/*trends ; Humans ; *Leadership ; Population Dynamics ; Poverty/statistics & numerical data ; Sex Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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